APUSH Chapter 16: the Era of Reconstruction (1865-1877) T's & Q's

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln's lenient plan that easily allowed states to re-enter the Union and acquitted most ex-Confederates of treason

Radical Republicans

wanted a more radical change in Reconstruction supervised by Congress that protected ex-slaves rights and changed Southern political structures

Wade-Davis Bill

bill passed during the Civil War for harsh Reconstruction limits on the South; vetoed by Lincoln

Freedmen's Bureau

government program to assist slave reintegration into society. The main accomplishment was establishing schools and educating former slaves.

Andrew Johnson

Vice President that became President after Lincoln was assassinated.

Johnson's Restoration Plan

harsher plan than Lincoln's that required states to ratify the 13th amendment and established provisional Union governers

Black Codes

laws passed by Southern states to decrease the rights of freed slaves

Fourteenth Amendment

granted citizenship, which allowed the federal government to protect the civil rights of all American citizens

Military Reconstruction Act

capstone of Congressional Reconstruction that established military control over the Confederate states and required a new state constitution.

Fifteenth Amendment

gave voting rights to African-American men

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who rushed into the South to grab political power

Scalawags

White Southern Republicans; many intimidated and killed by white supremacist groups such as the KKK

Ku Klux Klan

white supremacist group that terrorized free black and people who helped blacks

Panic of 1873

recall of paper currency and the burst of gold prices bubble caused a huge depression

Redeemers

White democrats who 'saved' the South from Republican rule.

Compromise of 1877

gave the presidency to Hayes via a backroom deal with Democrats to recall all federal troops from the South after an electoral dispute. Ended the era of reconstruction.

What were the various plans for Reconstruction proposed by Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress?

Lincoln created the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, a lenient plan that only required 10% of adult males to pledge allegiance to the Union and acquitted most ex-Confederates of treason. Andrew Johnson created Johnson's Restoration Plan, which was harsher and required the ratification of the 13th Amendment. Congress's Reconstruction Plan included the Military Reconstruction Act that established military rule in Confederate states.

What were the political achievements and failures of the Grant administration?

Mired by scandal and poor leadership choices, Grant created the financial Panic of 1873, saw the rise of white terrorist organizations that used voter suppression to end Republican control and terrorize blacks. However, the Grant administration saw marginal success in the Enforcement Acts and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Why did Reconstruction end in 1877?

Reconstruction ended in 1877 after the Compromise of 1877 elected Republican Hayes under the Condition that he would remove the last federal troops from the South.

What were the achievements of Reconstruction? Where did it fail and why?

Reconstruction succeeded in passing key legislation such as the 14ht and 15th amendments, various Civil Rights Accts, as well as initiatives such as the Freedmen's bureau that helped free blacks. However, Reconstruction failed because deep-rooted racism in the South allowed Southerners to re-establish White Supremacy via black codes, the institution of sharecropping, white supremacy organizations such as the KKK, and voter suppression tactics that elected White Democrat "redeemers" to office.