GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI NEISSERIA & MORAXELLA

Neisseria

Non motile

aerobic

5-10% CO2

Capnophilic

Cold sensitive

non hemolytic

Candle Jar

effective and economical way of providing increased CO2

N. elongata

Catalase Test and Cytochrome Oxidase: Positive

Pigmented Colonies

N. flava

N. flavescens

N. subflava

Oxidase Test

Screening test

Rgt for Oxidase Test

1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, no DMSO

Purple Color

Positive Results for Oxidase Test

CTA

Media for CHO Utilization Test

Phenol Red

Indicator for CHO Utilization Test

Thayer Martin

VCN

Vancomycin

to prevent gram (+) organisms

Colistin

to prevent other gram (-) organisms

Nystatin

prevent fungi

Modified Thayer Martin

VCN-T

Same as Thayer Martin but with Trimetophrim - prevent swarming organisms

Swarming i.e. Proteus spp.

Martin Lewis

VCA-T

Same as Modified Thayer Martin but Nystatin is replaced by Anisomycin

New York City

VCA-T

Same as Martin Lewis but Anisomycin is replaced by Amphotericin B

GC-LECT Medium

VCA-T plus Lincomycin

Same as New York City but with Lincomycin

N. gonorrhea

Glucose: +

Maltose: -

Lactose: -

Sucrose: -

Fructose: -

N. meningitidis

Glucose: +

Maltose: +

Lactose: -

Sucrose: -

Fructose: -

N. lactamica

Glucose: +

Maltose: +

Lactose: +

Sucrose: -

Fructose: -

ONPG: +

N. cinerea, N. flavescens, N. elongata, Moraxella spp.

Glucose: -

Maltose: -

Lactose: -

Sucrose: -

Fructose: -

N. sicca, N. mucosa

Glucose: +

Maltose: +

Lactose: -

Sucrose: +

Fructose: +

N. sicca

bread crumb like

wrinkled colonies

N. subflava

Glucose: +

Maltose: +

Lactose: -

Sucrose: V

Fructose: V

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Never a normal flora, always a pathogen

Kidney, coffee bean shaped diplococci intracellular within PMN

Virulence factor: Common Pili

Superoxol Test: +

Ferments glucose only

Can cause: Gonorrhea, Opthalmia neonatorum, Perihepatitis or Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

Superoxol Test

Rapid test for N. gonorrhoeae

Rgt: 30% hydrogen peroxidase

+ results: Vigorous Bubbling

Gonorrhea

STD

Clap Disease

Opthalmia naonatorum

a gonorrheal form of conjunctivitis acquired by newborns from an infected mother (foul smelling vaginal discharge)

Perihepatitis or Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

Neisseria meningitidis

Bean shaped diplococcic; sensitive to SPS

Virulence factors: Capsule

Neufeld Quellung Test (+)

Ferments: maltose & glucose

Natural habitat is oro and nasopharynx

Can cause Bacterial Meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome

Bacterial Meningitis

>5-29 y/o

Meningococcemia

presence of N. meningitidis in the blood

Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome

Severe form of meningococcemia characterized by bleeding of adrenal glands

Specimen for detection in N.meningitidis

CSF: Meningitis

Nasopharyngeal Swab: Carrier State

Encapsulated

pathogenic

causes meningitis and all other diseases

encapsulated strain

CSF

Moraxella catarrhalis

Morphologically and biochemically resembles Neisseria

Encapsulated, with Pili, Non-motile

Catalase negative, DNase Test (+)

Hemolysis pattern: Gamma Hemolytic

Oxidase (+) because of Indophenol oxidase

does not degrade sugar – asaccharolytic

a normal flora of oro and nasopharynx but may cause otitis media

hockey puck colonies

Hockey puck colonies

these are colonies remaining intact when pushed across the plate using inoculating loop

DNase Test

Best test to differentiate M. catarrhalis from another Moraxella

Butyrate Disk Test/Tributyrin Test

Rapid test for identification of M. catarrhalis

(+) result: Blue color

Non-encapsulated

Normal flora

Nasopharyngeal swab

M. catarrhalis

Modified Thayer Martin: V

Nutrient Agar at 35C: +

BAP/CAP at 25C: +

N. cinerea

Modified Thayer Martin: V

Nutrient Agar at 35C: +

BAP/CAP at 25C: -

N. flavescens, N. mucosa, N. sicca, N. subflava

Modified Thayer Martin: -

Nutrient Agar at 35C: +

BAP/CAP at 25C: +

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

Modified Thayer Martin: +

Nutrient Agar at 35C: -

BAP/CAP at 25C: -

N. lactamica

Modified Thayer Martin: +

Nutrient Agar at 35C: V

BAP/CAP at 25C: V