Greece in the Critical Decade (1930-1940)

How did the Great Depression affect Greece?

It led to economic decline, reduced trade, high unemployment, and political instability.

What was Greece’s response to the economic crisis?

The government devalued the drachma in 1932 and adopted protectionist policies to stabilize the economy.

How did Greek society change in the 1930s?

Urbanization increased, nationalist sentiment grew, and political tensions rose between different factions.

Who was Eleftherios Venizelos, and what role did he play in the 1930s?

A key political leader who supported republicanism and attempted to stabilize Greece before his exile in 1935.

What was the 1935 Greek monarchy referendum?

A controversial vote that restored King George II after a period of republican rule.

Why did Ioannis Metaxas come to power in 1936?

Political instability and fears of communism led King George II to appoint Metaxas as Prime Minister, who soon declared a dictatorship.

What were the key features of the Metaxas regime?

Authoritarian rule, censorship, anti-communism, youth indoctrination, and economic modernization efforts.

What was the National Youth Organization (EON)?

A fascist-inspired youth organization created by Metaxas to promote nationalism and obedience.

How did Metaxas handle opposition?

He banned political parties, imprisoned opponents, and used censorship to suppress dissent.

How did Greece’s foreign policy evolve in the 1930s?

Greece pursued a policy of neutrality while strengthening ties with Britain to counter Italian and German threats.

Why did Italy see Greece as a target in the late 1930s?

Mussolini sought to expand Italian influence in the Balkans and viewed Greece as strategically important.

How did Greece prepare for war in the late 1930s?

Metaxas modernized the military, built fortifications (Metaxas Line), and strengthened alliances, particularly with Britain.

What was the significance of the Metaxas Line?

It helped to defend against a potential invasion, particularly from Bulgaria and Germany.