PAS 407- Anterior and Medial Thigh

What are the actions of the muscles located in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

What is the vascular supply?

What is the innervation?

knee extension and hip flexion

femoral and profunda femora arteries

femoral nerve

What are the actions of the muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh?

What is the vascular supply?

What is the innervation?

hip adduction

profunda femora artery

obturator nerve

What are the actions of the muscles located in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What is the vascular supply?

What is the innervation?

hip extension and knee flexion

profunda femora artery

tibial/common fibular nerves

What muscles belong to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

quadriceps femoris

sartorius

iliopsoas

pectineus

What is the largest muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

What is its action?

quadriceps femoris

extensor of the knee

Insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle

all four heads converge on quadriceps tendon and attach to the patella and tibial tuberosity

What are the four heads of quadriceps femoris?

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

Which quadriceps belly crosses the hip?

rectus femoris

Origin of rectus femoris

Action of rectus femoris

anterior inferior iliac spine

hip flexion and knee extension

Origin of vastus lateralis

gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera

Origin of vastus medialis

medial lip of linea aspera

What is the vastus medialis obliquus?

What is its function?

What might occur if it is weak?

most inferior part of vastus medialis

plays an important role in maintaining proper alignment of patella and countering the pull of the iliotibial band

weak VMO associated with poor patellar tracking and lateral patellar dislocation

Origin of vastus intermedius

What is it deep to?

anterior surface of femur

deep to rectus femoris

What is the longest continuous muscle in the body?

sartorius

Origin of sartorius muscle

How does it run?

anterior superior iliac spine

curves medially along vastus medialis to cross posterior to knee joint; then come anteriorly

Insertion of sartorius

pes anserinus of tibia (goose's foot)

Action of sartorius muscle

flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of hip

flexion of knee

What are two names for the sartorius muscle?

"taylor" muscle

"cross-legged" muscle

What muscles make up the iliopsoas?

What are their origins?

psoas major: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

psoas minor (if present): lumbar vertebrae

iliacus: anterior ilium

Insertion of iliopsoas

lesser trochanter through common tendon

Action of iliopsoas

principle flexor of hip

What two thigh muscles are considered "hybrid", belonging to two different compartment?

pectineus: anterior and medial

adductor magnus: medial and posterior

Origin of pectineus muscle

superior ramus of pubis

Insertion of pectineus muscle

pectineal line of femur

Action of pectineus muscle

adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of hip

Innervation of pectineus muscle

femoral and obturator nerves

What muscles belong to the medial compartment of the thigh?

pectineus

obturator externus

adductor longus

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

gracilis

Origin of obturator externus

obturator membrane

Insertion of obturator externus

trochanteric fossa of femur

Action of obturator externus

lateral rotator and stabilizer of hip joint

Origin of adductor longus

pubic bone close to pubic symphysis

Insertion of adductor longus

middle third of linea aspera

Origin of adductor brevis

pubic bone; inferior to adductor longus

Insertion of adductor brevis

How does it run?

proximal portion of linea aspera

runs posteriorly to pectineus and adductor longus

What are the two regions of the adductor magnus muscle?

What compartment do they belong to?

adductor portion: medial compartment

hamstring portion: posterior compartment

Origin of adductor magnus

rami of ischium and pubis

Insertion of adductor magnus

adductor portion: full length of linea aspera

hamstring portion: adductor tubercle of femur

What is the adductor hiatus?

What is formed by?

passageway for vessels between anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh

space formed between attachment points of adductor magnus on femur

Origin of gracilis muscle

pubic bone; inferior to adductor brevis muscle

Insertion of gracilis muscle

Where does it run?

pes anserinus

runs posterior to knee

Action of gracilis muscle

knee flexion and hip adduction

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

superior: inguinal canal

medial: adductor longus m.

lateral: sartorius m.

What is the subinguinal canal?

space between inguinal ligament and floor of femoral triangle that permits communication between anterior compartment of thigh and leg

What are the contents of the femoral triangle? (from lateral to medial)

femoral nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

lymphatics

What is encased in the femoral sheath?

What does it allow?

femoral artery and vein and lymphatics

allows gliding of vascular structures during hip flexion and extension

What is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve?

What does it travel through?

What does it pierce?

saphenous nerve

travels through adductor canal

pierces fascia between sartorius and gracilis tendons to enter the lower leg

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

when it passes through the femoral triangle

What is the primary artery for the lower limb?

femoral artery

Where can the femoral artery be compressed?

mid region of femoral triangle

What branches does the femoral artery give off as it passes through the femoral triangle?

superficial epigastric

superficial circumflex inguinal

external pudendal

What two spaces does the femoral artery run through?

adductor canal and adductor hiatus

What is the profunda femoris artery?

What does it supply?

branch off of femoral artery; deep artery of the thigh

supplies anterior compartment

What are the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries?

What do they supply?

branches off profunda femoris artery

supply femoral head and neck

What are the three branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery?

What do they supply?

ascending branch: region surrounding hip

transverse branch: head of femur

descending branch: lateral part of anterior compartment and knee

What are the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery?

What do they ensure?

pierce adductor muscles to access the posterior compartment

ensure continued blood flow in sitting position

What is the femora canal?

What does it permit?

empty space in femoral sheath found medial to femoral vein

permits expansion of artery during systole

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

anterolateral: vastus medialis

posterior: adductors longus and magnus

covered by: sartorius muscle

What passes through the adductor canal?

femoral vessels to adductor hiatus

saphenous nerve to leg

motor branch to VMO

What is the obturator canal?

What passes through?

results from incomplete covering of obturator foramen by obturator membrane

obturator artery and nerve pass through to enter medial compartment of thigh

What does the obturator nerve branch from?

lumbosacral plexus