bio phylogeny (main idea 1)

what is phylogeny?

the evolutionary hustory of a species or group of related species looking at common ancestors

what does discipline of systematics do?

it classifies organisms and determines their evilutionary relationships

organisms share characteristics because of..

common ancestry

what is taxonomy?

the ordered division and naming of organisms

what does taxonomy names include?

two-part names for species: binomial nomenclature and hierarchical classification

what are the taxonomic groups from narrow to broad?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain

what is a taxon?

a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy

what are the two parts of an organism’s name?

the genus and species name, which together form the binomial nomenclature

are organisms with the same genus name more or less related?

organisms with the same genus name are more closely related than organisms with a different genus name

what is classification?

provides a way to sort and group organisms for easier study

what is classification used for?

Used to assess similarities and differences (homologous structures, analogous structures, convergent evolution, molecular/DNA

what are the 5 things organisms are classified by?

1) physical structure (how they look)
2) evolutionary relationships (relatedness)
3) embryonic similarities (embryos)
4) genetic similarities (DNA)
5) biochemical similarities (processes)

what does each branch point represent in a phylogenetic tree or cladogram?

represents the divergence of two taxa from a common ancestor

what is a basal taxon?

the lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched

what is a sister taxon?

indicates the closest relatives of another given taxa group

the morphological and molecular data similarities used to infer phylogenies must..

result from shared encestry

what is homology?

similarity due to shared ancestry

what is anaology?

similarity due to convergent evolution

what are homologies?

phenotypic (morphological) and genetic (molecular) similarities due to shared ancestry

organisms with similar morphologies or DNA are…

more likely to be more closely related than organisms with different structures or DNA