9 - Great Depression

Social Studies Final Review

Bonus Army

20,000 veterans marched on Washington when Hoover would not pay them the $1,000 bonus they were to receive from fighting in the war.

New Deal

Roosevelt’s plan to help the US get out of the depression

Relief

One of the pillars of the New Deal. These programs were created to offer immediate help to those who were suffering. One example was the Bank Holiday. These were intended to be temporary programs.

Recovory

Another Pillar of the New Deal. These programs were designed to create jobs and put money back into the economy. They were also meant to be more temporary.

Reform

The last pillar of the New Deal. These programs were designed to avoid another great depression. They were more permanent programs. Example: Social Security.

Trickle Down

Economic theory of Hoover. By helping the wealthy first, this would eventually result in helping all economic classes recover. Example: cutting taxes for the rich.

“The First 100 Days”

Roosevelt’s plan to get the country out of the depression. Many of the relief and recovery programs were enacted during this time, like the first New Deal. Democrats controlled the Presidency, Senate, and House of Representatives to put New Deal programs in quickly.

Bank Holiday

One of the first acts FDR took upon entering office. This act called for the closure of all banks and set requirements for banks to be able to reopen.

Pump Priming

Economic theory of Roosevelt. By putting money into the hands of the people, they would invest, buy, and spend their money to help the overall economy.

Social Security

The recovery program established by FDR. Highlights include unemployment benefits, old age pensions, programs for the blind, and benefits for children of insured workers who died. This is still in effect today, but has changed and continues to be debated.

Dust Bowl

A major drought swept through the Great Plains. Wind storms destroyed crops and farming land. The farmers also overused the land and their farms began to fail. The dust storms could be felt all the way east to DC.

Checks and Balances

A system that prevents one branch of the government from becoming more powerful than the other two. Each branch can check or limit the power of the other two. The three branches are the Judicial Branch, the Executive Branch, and the Legislative Branch.

Executive Powers

Powers specifically granted to the executive branch. Examples of actions include, vetoing acts of Congress, calling Congress into special session, can veto acts of congress, call congress into special session, and appointing federal judges

Court Reform Bill

Roosevelt’s plan to extend the number of justices on the Supreme Court. He proposed extending the size of the court to 15 justices. This act did not pass through Congress. Critics called this plan the Court-Packing Plan.