DI CH. 1-3

Elements

Smallest particle of a substance, Put together to understand the nature of atoms, which make up
elements

Atoms

Smallest particle of an element, Mostly empty space

Photons

The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic
radiation, unit of pure energy

As energy increases

frequency increases

Energy as particles is represented as:

Units of motion or as packets

A sinusoidal wave represents x-ray energy as waves. Which of the following statements is true?

It has frequency and amplitude in its definition

On the table of elements:

The elements are arranged in specific groups

Energy can be represented by both:

Waves and particles

An element is the smallest part of a substance. Which of the following statements is true?

The smallest part of an element is an atom

Photons are described as:

Electromagnetic radiation that has no electrical charge

The electrons are held in place by:

The positive charge of the protons

X-rays are described as:

Invisible, but they travel in straight lines at the speed of light

Matter and energy are basic to every substance on earth. Which of the following statements is true?

A principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight

The electromagnetic spectrum represents:

The vast spectrum from x-rays to radio waves

kV (kilovoltage)

The energy of the electrons when they reach the anode

kVp (kilovoltage potential or peak kilovoltage)

Controls the quality of the x-ray

More grayscale

higher image quality

mA (milliamperage)

This setting is used to control the quantity of electrons that will be produced and released from
the filament during x-ray production

mAs (milliampere-seconds)

A measure of radiation produced over a set amount of time in seconds

When mA is increased,

the degree of blackness is increased

When mA is decreased,

the overall density is lightened and film is less black

Potential difference

between the Cathode and the Anode

Focusing cup

Slightly negatively charged, Electrons released in straight pattern

Rotating

invented to dissipate heat on one spot, between 11 and 15 degrees

Stationary

used in lower kV units (dental units, large animal
portables)

Heat Dissipation

1% x-rays, 99% heat

ALARA

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Radiation can be measured by a

dosimeter

Organogenesis

takes place between 2nd-10th week of pregnancy

RADIATION PROTECTION

time, distance, and shielding