Golgi Apparatus – Structure and Function

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the Golgi apparatus's structure and function as discussed in the lecture.

Golgi Apparatus

A cellular organelle that acts as a processing and distribution center for proteins, modifying and sorting them for delivery.

Cisternae

Flattened, membrane-bound sacs that make up the Golgi apparatus, creating distinct compartments for processing.

Cis Face

The receiving dock of the Golgi apparatus where vesicles from the RER arrive.

Trans Face

The shipping dock of the Golgi apparatus where finished proteins are dispatched to their final destinations.

N-linked Glycosylation

A process where initial bulky sugar chains are trimmed down, creating a specific and active protein structure.

O-linked Glycosylation

The addition of sugar chains to serine or threonine groups on proteins, often for lubrication or cell-cell recognition.

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to mannose sugar, serving as a sorting signal for lysosomal delivery.

Trans-Golgi Network (TGN)

The major sorting and dispatching hub of the Golgi apparatus, where proteins are packaged for specific destinations.

Vesicular Transport

A model of protein movement through the Golgi where proteins transfer between stable cisternae via vesicles.

Cisternal Maturation

A model where the cisternae themselves mature, moving from cis to trans as new ones form from the ER and old ones disassemble.

COP-II

Coat protein that facilitates vesicle budding from the RER to the cis-Golgi.

COP-I

Coat protein that facilitates retrograde transport of vesicles from the Golgi back to the RER.

Clathrin

A coat protein involved in vesicle formation for transporting proteins to lysosomes or for endocytosis.

Protein Modification

The process where the Golgi adds functional groups to proteins to render them active and targetable.

Protein Recycling

The process in which worn-out cellular materials are broken down in lysosomes and reused by the Golgi apparatus.