immunosero

china

variolation

mithridatism

protect against a poison by administering small amounts of poison

central africa

venom and ant eggs as treatment for snake bites

dutch guiana

djoekas

djoekas

specialists among the black population that practice venom and ant eggs as treatment for snake bites

girolamo fracastoro

contagion

edward jenner

smallpox vaccination

louis pasteur

attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies vaccines development

louis pasteur

coined the term vaccine (from the Latin vacca, meaning cow), in honor of his work with cowpox inoculation

pfeiffer

specificity of the protective effects of immunization

richard and hericourt

blood immunized with staphylococci (weak strains) gives partial protection to the same organism

Charrin and Rodger

serum of animal immunized with pseudomonas aeruginosa agglutinated a suspension of the same microbes

pfeiffer

Specificity of the Protective Effects of Immunization

Elie Metchnikoff
Inflammation

cellular immunity

Elie Metchnikoff

Discovered the role of leukocytes in phagocytosis

inflammation

as part of cellular immunity

celsus

inflammation in animals

virchow

changes occur in connective tissue

arnold and cohnheim

local vascular lesion

1. fodor
2. emil von behring and kitasato
3. calmette
4. pfeiffer and issaef
5. jules bordet

humoral immunity

fodor

action of an immune serum on microbes

emil von behring and kitasato

neutralizing antitoxic activity of sera

calmette

similar neutralizing activity against snake venom

pfeiffer and issaef

the "pfeiffer phenomenon"

jules bordet

reconciled humoral and cellular theories

jules bordet

sensitizer and alexine

wright and douglas

opsonin

paul ehrlich

ehrlich's side chain theory

paul ehrlich

first to explain the appearance of antibodies in the circulation

paul ehrlich

key and lock

bordet
arrhenius and madsen

negation to ehrlich's theory

landsteiner

Father of Immunohematology

landsteiner

haptens

bordet and gengou

complement fixation test

Breinl and Haurowitz

template theory

tiselius and kabat

Antibodies are immunoglobulins

pauling

"Variable Folding Theory of Antibody Formation"

bordet

isoantibody

wassermann and von dugern

anamnesis

hypersensitivity studies

bad side of the immune response

richet and portier

anaphylaxis

arthus

arthus phenomenon

shwartzman

shwartzman phenomenon

von pirquet

serum sickness

schultz-dale

allergic reaction as manifested by smooth muscle contraction

wolf-eisner

hay fever

prausnitz-kustner

passive transfer of allergic reactivity to an allergen

riley and west

role of histamine in inflammatory responses

burdet and fenner

"Self-tolerance or immunologic tolerance"

felton

felton phenomenon

Billingham, Brent, Medawar

Acquired immune tolerance in bone marrow chimeras in mice injected with allogeneic bone marrow at or before birth

coons

immunofluorescence

owen

blood chimeras (in bovine twins)

fagraeus

antibodies are made in plasma cells

svedberg

classify antibody through ultracentrifugation

watson and crick

double helix of DNA

jerne

natural selection theory

talmage and burnet

clonal selection theory

claman, et.al.

"B and T cell cooperation"

porter

2 fab's and 1 fc

edelman

H chain and L chain

Putnam, Hilschmann and Craig

constant and variable region

edelman

first complete amino acids sequence of an immunoglobulin

allison and haskins

T-cell receptor

pfeiffer and marx

antibodies are developed in the spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

grabar and williams

immunoglobulins are heterogenous, detected the existence of IgA

grabar and williams

nomenclature of Ig's was established and amino acids sequences of them were studied

grubb

idiotypes

oudin

allotypes

waksman and yankowic

role of thymus in immune system

haffkine

1st to perform cholera vaccination in india

calmette and guerin

BCG

lowenstein

tetanus toxoid-detoxified bacterial toxin

glenny

diphtheria toxoid-detoxified bacterial toxin

salk

polio vaccine

le moignic and pinoy

use of adjuvants in vaccines

alouf, chedid, and boquet

1st synthetic vaccine - diphtheria vaccine

dausset and rapaport

Histocompatibility antigens on leukocytes

lindemann

1st to produce immune serum against tissue components

Metchnikoff and Besredka

prepared immune serum against leukocytes (anti-leukocyte antiserum)

Bogomoletz

antisera against lymphoid tissues/ anti-lymphocyte antiserum

Emil von Behring

Serum antitoxins

robert koch

cellular immunity to tuberculosis

elie metchnikoff

role of phagocytosis

paul ehrlich

role of antitoxins in immunity

charles richet

anaphylaxis

jules bordet

Complement-mediated bacteriolysis

karl landsteiner

discovery of human blood groups

max theiler

development of yellow fever vaccine

daniel bovet

antihistamines

frank macfarlane
burnet
peter medawar

discovery of acquired immunological tolerance

rodney e. porter & gerald m. edelman

chemical structure of antibodies

rosalyn r. yalow

development of radioimmunoassay

george snell
jean dausset
baruj benacerraf

major histocompatibility complex

niels jerne

Immune regulatory theories

Cesar Milstein and Georges E. Kohler

technological advances in the development of monoclonal antibodies

Susumu Tonegawa

Gene rearrangement in antibody production

E. Donnall Thomas and Joseph Murray

Transplantation immunology

Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Role of MHC in antigen recognition by T cells

sydney brenner
H. Robert Horvitz
J.E.Sulston

genetic regulation of organ development and cell death (apoptosis)