History of Psychology Exam #4

What did Abraham Maslow create?

hierarchy of needs

what is the physiological level?

food, water, shelter

what is the safety level?

stability —> law and order, free from chaos in the world

what is the belongingness and love level?

love needs motivated by deficiency

what is the esteem level?

recognition from others, competence, skill, independence; status, financial worth.

what is the self actualizing tendency level?

being able to seek things out due to curiosity, and peak experience

what is peak experience?

subjective experience of intense self actualization, feelings of awe, crisp sensations, a connection to the world.

what did Carl rogers align with?

humanism, rationalism, phenomenology

What did Carl rogers believe?

experience is subjective and is the basis of all behavior and judgements.

What is Carl Rogers master motive?

the self actualizing tendency , an active, controlling drive toward fulfillment of our potential

What is organismic valuing system?

in innate bodily mechanism for identifying experiences that are good (or wrong) for a person. Value is imposed on us by others

What are Rogers conditions for change?

Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence.

What is transference?

feelings from a prior relationship or conflict projected onto the therapist.

What is counter-transference?

feelings from a prior relationship or conflict projected onto the client from the therapist. this can be objective or subjective.

What is Subjective counter transference?

the therapist is unaware

what is objective counter transference?

being aware of transference, this can help build positives and establish empathy.

What is phase 1 of the white racial identity model?

abandonment of racism.

What is contact status?

unaware of racism.

what is disintegration status?

confronted with unresolvable racial moral dilemmas

what is reintegration status?

regressions to original beliefs, bit with more sophisticated realizations.

what happens in pseudo- independence status?

propelled by a painful or powerfully insightful encounter

What is immersion status?

assumptions about identity are questioned, identify ways in which identity can confer advantages.

What is autonomy status?

becoming a full ally'; increased awareness of ones own identity, acknowledgment of owns own in oppression; lowering guilt.

identify key concepts about Martha E Bernal.

first latina to hold a PhD in psychology, looked at minority mental healthy, and developed ethnic identity development for mexican american families.

identify key concepts about Albert Ellis

developed the rational emotive behavior therapy, sexology, and musterbation

identify key concepts about Elizabeth Loftus

discovered the misinformation effect, looked at false memories, and constructive memories.

identify key concepts about Hugo Munsterburg

founder of forensic psychology, and IO psychology; made action theory and mentored Calkins.

identify key concepts about Mary Ainsworth

developed the strange situation task, and discovered attachment styles.

identify key concepts about Karen Horney

opposed Freud; made ‘womb envy’ and developed 3 ways humans deal with anxiety. Moving towards, against, or away. She also formed feminine psychology.

identify key concepts about Melanie Klein.

developed object relations theory, and talked about the good and bad mother theory.

identify key concepts about Paul Ekman

developed FACS (facial action coding system) which looked at emotion in the face and created an algorithm to analyze it. Also discovred universal emotion and microexpressions.

identify key concepts about Leta Stetter

worked with gifted kids to nuture them.

identify key concepts about Leon Festinger

discovered cognitive dissonance, and social comparison theory.

identify key concepts about Lev Vygotsky

discovered zone of proximal development, scaffolding, and sociocultural theory.

What did George Kelly do?

created 11 corollaries, looked at the psychology of personal constructs

What is a construct?

the ways of representing our experiences

What is constructive alternativism?

fundamental assumption that humans are capable of changing their interpretation of events

What is the fundemental postulate?

the purpose of all psychological process is to accurately predict events

What is the individuality corollary?

people differ in their constructs of reality 

What is the commonality corollary?

similar construct systems in different people lead to similarities in behavior

What is the dichotomy corollary?

a construct system is composed of a finite number of dichotomous constructs.

What is the range corollary?

a given construct system is convenient for the anticipation of a finite number of events

What is the construction corollary?

after a series of events a person may identify common elements and generate a construct based on these elements

What is the modulation corollary?

a person's construct system is limited by the permeability of the constructs.

What is the experience corollary?

a person's construct system varies as the person successfully construes the replication of events

What is the choice corollary?

people select between alternatives in constructs in making judgements.

What is the fragmentation corollary?

construct subsystems may be disjointed or mutually incompatible.

what is the socially corollary?

constructive interpersonal relationships depend upon mutual understanding of each others construct systems

What is the organization corollary?

a person's constructs are arranged hierarchically

Superordinate

Subordinate

What is a core construct?

define us; from the basis of our identity; very resistant to change.

What is a peripheral construct?

relatively important; can be changed easily

What is the peremptive construct?

automatic constructs; lighten cognitive load, stereotypes

What is the role construct repertory?

a construct activity to show variability in your life.