Biological Anthropology 101 - How Evolution Works Quiz 1 Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts, definitions, and theories from the Biological Anthropology 101 Quiz 1 Study Guide.

Cultural Anthropology

The study of how people live, their customs, beliefs, and social practices

Biological Anthropology

The study of human evolution, genetics, and their physical development

Archaeology

The study of humans through the material remains they leave behind

Linguistics

The study of human language and communicationphysical form and structures.

True or False - Anthropology is the study of humans, both past and present

True

Which of the following is the best definition of science?

A method of learning about the natural and social world through observation, experimentation, and analysis

Which two key features define the scientific method?

Falsifiability and reproducibility

A __________ is a tentative, testable statement predicting a possible outcome or explaining a phenomenon, while a __________ is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on a body of evidence.

Hypothesis; Theory

Which of the following are the key requirements for natural selection to occur?

Variation, Heritability, and Struggle for Existence

Which principle states that the natural processes shaping the Earth today have operated in the same manner throughout geological history?

Uniformitarianism

What is the process that explains how organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

Natural Selection

What is the measure of the relative reproductive success of an individual called?

Fitness

If we scale Earth's history down to a 24-hour clock, during which time would the entire history of the human species occur?

The last second

The genetic representation and information of an organism is called its

_________

Genotype

The observable traits of an organism are called its ______

Phenotype

Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes

23

Which statement best describes the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

A dominant trait is expressed if at least one dominant allele is present, while a recessive trait is only expressed if both alleles are recessive.

What is the process of cell division responsible for growth and repair called?

Mitosis

What is the process of cell division that produces gametes for sexual reproduction called?

Meiosis

When different species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, rather than shared ancestry, this is known as:

Convergent Evolution

What are the four forces of evolution?

Mutation, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection, and Gene Flow

The evolution of species and large biological changes over long periods of time is called

Macroevolution

An organisms morphology refers to…

Its physical form and structures