Periodic Table and Group Trends Practice

Flashcards covering periodic table trends, electronic structures, group characteristics (Group I, VII, 0), and chemical reactions based on classroom review questions.

Electronic structure of Element Q

The structure 2, 8, 7, which places the element in Period 3 and Group VII.

Electronic structure of 15 protons

The structure is 2, 8, 5, which belongs to Group V.

Similar Chemical Properties

Elements in the same group share these because they have the same number of valence electrons.

Metallic to Non-metallic character

The change in element character that occurs as you move from left to right across a period.

Metals (Electron behavior)

Elements with few valence electrons (1, 2 or 3) that tend to lose electrons.

Group I Trends (Melting Point and Reactivity)

As you go down the group, the melting point decreases and the reactivity increases.

Alkali Metals (Physical Properties)

Metals that are unusual compared to others because they have low density and are relatively soft.

Reaction of Potassium with Water

A highly exothermic reaction that produces steam by boiling the surrounding water.

Sodium and Water Reaction Test Results

Universal Indicator turns blue/purple (alkaline) and a lighted splint produces a 'pop' sound (hydrogen gas).

Balanced equation for Sodium and Water

$$2Na + 2H_{2}O \rightarrow 2NaOH + H_{2}$$

Caesium (Group I Properties)

Located at the bottom of Group I; it has a lower melting point and reacts more vigorously with water than sodium.

Francium (Phase State Prediction)

An element below Caesium that may actually be a liquid at room temperature rather than a solid.

Group VII Trends (Color and Reactivity)

As you move down the group, the color gets darker and the reactivity decreases.

Diatomic

A term describing a molecule that contains two atoms.

Bromine (Physical State and Color)

A red-brown liquid at room temperature that displaces iodine from iodides.

Chlorine Water + Potassium Bromide

The solution turns brown as chlorine displaces bromine.

Fluorine (Physical State and Color)

A pale yellow gas at room temperature.

Chlorine + Potassium Iodide Observation

The solution turns brown because chlorine is more reactive than iodine and displaces it.

Astatine (Reactivity)

An element located below iodine in Group VII that is less reactive than iodine.

Noble Gases (Reactivity explanation)

Extremely unreactive elements because they have completely filled outer electron shells.

Argon ($Ar$)

An unreactive gas from the list of substances including $Cu$, $Mg$, and $Cl_{2}$.

Potassium and Fluorine Reaction

The combination of a Group I and Group VII element that produces the most vigorous reaction.

Period 2 Trends (Left to Right)

Characteristics including increasing proton numbers and an increasing number of valence electrons.