AP World Unit 1.1

Song Dynasty

-From 960-1279

-Created by Zhao Kuangyin, aka Emperor Taizu

Bureaucracy

-Type of government that created levels

-Was sinificated

-Created in Song Dynasty

Scholar Gentry

-A test used to make sure you were fit for a bureaucracy job

-Those who passed were also used for the military, which is how they made it smart

How China didn't get overthrown by military

-They used smart, not strong people

-They switched leaders often

Neo-Confucianism

-Emerged in Song dynasty

-Reinforced a patriarchal society

-Created footbinding for upperclass women

Footbinding

The act of bending and breaking a woman's foot until it is completely bent over and is smaller, which came from neo-confucianism

How Buddhism spread to China

It offered a source of spirituality that Confucianism did not provide, and they could alter it to fit some of their own beliefs

Mahayana Buddhism

A form of Buddhism from the Song dynasty that allowed more people to follow it because it was less strict

Bodhisattva's

People in Mahayana Buddhism who had reached Nirvana, they remained in populated areas to help other people reach nirvana, and in turn the people had to take care of Bodhisattva's bodily needs

Theravada Buddhism

A form of Buddhism in the Song dynasty that was more strict and harder to reach nirvana, you would have to stay in a monastery

Things China traded with and for

-China traded for spices (Southeast Asia), Horses (Arabians), tapestries, and many other unimportant things

-China traded away paper, silk, and porcelain (known in the US as china)

Tang dynasty switched to this type of money, and what did it do to the economy

-They switched to paper money

-Banking grew because it was easier to make and obtain

China's agricultural advancements

Fertilizer, Wheelbarrows, and irrigation systems

Chinese inventions

-Paper

-Silk

-Porcelain

-Printing Press

-Fertilizer

-Wheelbarrow

-Irrigation

-Gunpowder

-Compass

-Abacus

The first Ming Emperor

Ming Hongwu

Things Hongwu did for China

-Moved capital to the Forbidden City

-Brought back the scholar gentry

-limited power of officials and gave emperor more power

Hongwu tried to do this for peasants

Tried to provide land, but they couldn't pay taxes on it and ultimately got it seized by scholar gentries

Filial Piety

The duty of children to fathers and the loyalty of subjects to rulers, from Ming China

The crops that lead to population growth and why

-Potatoes, Corn, Peanuts

-They are high in calories and can be grown anywhere

-They burned off a lot of calories, so this replenished their need

-Longer life -> Healthy women -> Healthy Children

Great parts of Champa rice

-Drought and heat resistant

-Fast ripening, allowing for two crops a year

-Expanded food supply, allowing for population growth

What kind of Rice?

Champa rice

The Grand Canal's impact on society

-Connected the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

-40 paces wide with a road on either side

-Increased trade

-Allowed for more goods to be moved

Two cities designated to trade with Europe

-Canton and Maco

-They could control who came in and out, and could make tarriffs

Ming China's famous art style

Blue and white vases, although they had many advancements in art and literature

Zheng He

Went to trade and spread religion, he knew Arabic so it was helpful

Reasons the Ming Dynasty fell

-Weak rulers

-Corruption

-High taxes

-Rebellion

-Famine

-Disease

-Peasant revolt by Li Zecheng

Heian Age

-Japan

-794 to 1185

The Tale of Genji

-Supposedly the first novel

-Written by Lady Murasaki

Japanese Sinification

-Language

-Buddhism

-Trade

-Bureaucracy

Bushido

-A Samurai code

-Way of the warrior

-If they did not protect their lords, they killed themselves

-Killing themselves is called Seppuku or Hara-Kiri

Futal Heigharchy

Emperor

Shogun

Daimyo

Samurai

Peasants

Merchants

(Heian Age, Japan)

Gempei Wars

Feudism between the Minamoto and Taira families, the Minamoto won and established the capital at Kamakura

Kamakura Shogunate

-1192 to 1333

-Lead by Minamoto Yamitomo, but he killed all of his heirs to prevent and challenge, and after he did the Hojo family took after him in his name

Ashikaga Shogunate

-1336 to 1573

-Civil war broke out for 101 years

-Broke the country into about 300 kingdoms ruled by Daimyo

Sinification

Influenced by Chinese

Korean Kingdoms

-Koguryo in the North

-Silla and Paekche in the south

Sinification in Korea

-Buddhism

-Language

Kowtow

A series of elaborate bowing done by those who want to meet with the Chinese emperor, how they maintained trade and good relationships with China

The plan to defeat the Koguryo in Korea

Silla and China teamed up, but China had a plan to infiltrate and take over Korea, but it didn't work.

Koryo Dynasty

-Korea 918-1392

-Helped to stablize Korea

-Kept the Mongols out

-At this time Korea was monopolized by aristocracy

Vietnamese Core Values

-Village Autonomy

-Nuclear Family

-Women had more freedom

Sinification in Vietnam

-Buddhism

-Bureaucracy

-Language

-Civil service exams

-Military knowledge

Separation on China and Vietnam

-Vietnam eventually got to hate China

-Rebelled against it

-Assisted by great distance and problems in China