nur 1040 comp 6

Bladder Scanner

A non-invasive ultrasound device used to measure the volume of urine in the bladder and assess post-void residual (PVR).

Clean-Catch (Midstream) Urine Specimen

Cleanse the meatus, start the urine stream, pass the cup into the stream to collect the sample, and remove the cup before the stream stops.

External Catheters

Non-invasive devices (condom catheters for males, suction wicks for females) used to manage incontinence while significantly reducing CAUTI risk.

Indwelling Catheter Insertion

Requires strict sterile technique. Advance the catheter 1-2 inches after urine appears before inflating the balloon to prevent severe urethral trauma.

Indwelling Catheter Removal

Ensure the balloon is completely deflated using a syringe before gently pulling the catheter out.

Foley Catheter Specimen Collection

Clamp the tubing below the port for 15-30 mins, scrub the port, and use a sterile syringe to aspirate fresh urine. NEVER collect from the drainage bag.

Ciprofloxacin & Nitrofurantoin (Class/Use)

Antibiotics used to treat UTIs. Must complete the entire course. Monitor for allergies and superinfections.

Furosemide (Class/Action)

Loop diuretic used to manage edema and hypertension by increasing urine output.

Furosemide (Nursing Implications)

Monitor potassium levels (causes hypokalemia), monitor BP, and give in the morning to prevent nocturia.

Tamsulosin (Class/Action)

Alpha-blocker used to relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck to treat BPH.

Tamsulosin (Nursing Implications)

High risk for orthostatic hypotension. Teach the patient to rise slowly and take the medication at the same time daily.

Oxybutynin (Class/Action)

Antispasmodic/Anticholinergic used to relax bladder muscles for overactive bladder and incontinence.

Oxybutynin (Nursing Implications)

Contraindicated in glaucoma. Causes dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Avoid caffeine and alcohol.

Phenazopyridine (Class/Action)

Urinary tract analgesic used to relieve pain, burning, and spasms caused by UTIs.

Phenazopyridine (Nursing Implications)

Harmlessly turns urine bright orange/red (can stain clothing). Monitor for hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency.

Lisinopril (Class/Action)

ACE Inhibitor used for hypertension and to protect the kidneys (reduce proteinuria) in diabetic nephropathy.

Lisinopril (Nursing Implications)

Monitor BP and renal function. Ensure the patient is strictly NOT pregnant (teratogenic).

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Normal is 90-120 mL/min. Indicates how well the kidneys filter waste.

Normal BUN & Creatinine

BUN: 10-20. Creatinine: 0.5-1.5. Elevated levels indicate renal impairment.

Normal Urine Specific Gravity

1.010 to 1.030. High indicates dehydration

Lower UTI (Cystitis) Symptoms

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy/foul-smelling urine, suprapubic pain.

Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis) Symptoms

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness, flank pain, high fever, chills, nausea.

Geriatric UTI Presentation

Sudden acute confusion, lethargy, or new incontinence without a fever.

Acute Glomerulonephritis Manifestations

Coffee-colored hematuria, severe edema, hypertension, oliguria.

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Crushes kidney stones with sound waves. Post-op: Strain all urine, push fluids. Bruising/pink urine is normal.

Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)

Used post-TURP. Titrate irrigation fluid to keep urine light pink/clear and prevent blood clot obstruction.

Calculating True Urine Output (CBI)

Total volume in the drainage bag MINUS the amount of irrigation fluid instilled.

Urinary Diversion Stoma Assessment

Should be pink/beefy red. Pale, dusky, or purple indicates ischemia and is a medical emergency.

Renal Biopsy Post-Op Care

Strict bed rest. Patient must lie FLAT on their back for 24 hours to prevent internal hemorrhage.