[Test9] The Dental Professional’s Role in the Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance and Adverse Antibiotic Reactions

Dentists are currently the _______________ most frequent prescribers of antibiotics in the U.S.

A. first

B. second

C. third

D. fourth

C. third

It was estimated that between 2017-2019, up to _______ of antibacterial drug prescriptions were suboptimal or not indicated.

A. 50%

B. 65%

C. 75%

D. 85%

D. 85%

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, multi-drug resistant bacteria infect approximately _______________ people each year.

A. 950,000

B. 1.4 million

C. 2.8 million

D. 5.3 million

C. 2.8 million

It is estimated that the main causes of antibiotic resistance include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. inappropriate prescribing

B. inadequate compliance by patients who receive antibiotic prescriptions

C. use of antibiotics in livestock farming and environmentally

D. patient demand

D. patient demand

All of the following are among the most common antibiotics prescribed by dentists, EXCEPT:

A. Ciprofloxacin

B. Amoxicillin

C. Clindamycin

D. Penicillin

A. Ciprofloxacin

There is a high level of variability between dental specialties with regard to prescription rates with _______________ having the lowest antibiotic prescription rates.

A. Oral Pathologists

B. Orthodontists

C. Periodontists

D. Endodontists

B. Orthodontists

The predicted death rates related to antibiotic resistance is estimated to rise to _______________ by the year 2050.

A. 5 million

B. 10 million

C. 15 million

D. 20 million

B. 10 million

Workplace measures were effective in reducing S. aureus infections and MRSA infections in a VA hospital setting. These measures included strict adherence to infection control and prescribing best practices.

A. Both statements are true.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

According to the 2019 ADA Clinical Practice Guidelines, what prescription (if any) is recommended for immunocompetent adults with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) with or without symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP)?

A. Amoxicillin 500mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

B. Clindamycin 300mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

C. Azithromycin 250mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

D. No prescription is recommended.

D. No prescription is recommended.

According to the 2019 ADA Clinical Practice Guidelines, what prescription (if any) is recommended for immunocompetent adults with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis, (PN-SAP)?

A. Amoxicillin 500mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

B. Clindamycin 300mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

C. Azithromycin 250mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

D. No systemic antibiotic prescription is recommended.

D. No systemic antibiotic prescription is recommended.

According to the 2019 ADA Clinical Practice Guidelines, what prescription (if any) is recommended for immunocompetent adults with pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess (PN-AAA) with systemic involvement?

A. Amoxicillin 500mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

B. Clindamycin 300mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

C. Azithromycin 250mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

D. No prescription is recommended.

A. Amoxicillin 500mg, three times daily for 3-7 days

In cases of acute pulpal and periapical-related dental pain and intraoral swelling where first-line antibiotics are not effective , what are the recommended next steps?

A. Addition of complementary treatment with metronidazole

B. Discontinuing first-line antibiotic therapy and prescribing oral amoxicillin with clavulanate

C. Discontinuing first-line antibiotic therapy and prescribing oral clindamycin

D. A and B

D. A and B

In cases of acute pulpal and periapical-related dental pain and intraoral swelling where antibiotics are indicated for urgent management, what are the recommended next steps?

A. Re-evaluate after 3 days to assess the current level of systemic signs and symptoms.

B. Instruct patient to discontinue antibiotics 24 hours after complete resolution of symptoms.

C. Instruct patient to finish entire course of antibiotics even 24 hours after complete resolution of symptoms.

D. A and B

D. A and B

Patients demonstrate bacteremia after activities of daily living, including mastication and oral hygiene measures, that are in proportion to their levels of gingival inflammation and plaque deposits. In immunocompetent adults without other predisposing conditions, dental treatment may add significant additional risk for such patients.

A. Both statements are true.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

In a third molar extraction model, prophylactic antibiotic therapy prior to extractions not associated with infections in healthy patients, the routine use of antibiotics in these cases _______________.

A. is recommended

B. is not recommended

C. is recommended in older patients

D. is recommended in full bony impactions

B. is not recommended

It is estimated that, on average, for every _______ implant patients undergoing dental implant placement who receive antibiotic prophylaxis prior to surgery, one implant failure is prevented.

A. 15

B. 24

C. 33

D. 32

C. 33

What is the current evidence-based recommended antibacterial prophylaxis prior to dental implant therapy to provide a clinically significant reduction in implant failure rates in a healthy, non-antibiotic allergic adult?

A. 1.0g Amoxicillin, 1 hour prior to dental implant procedure

B. 2.0 g of Amoxicillin, 1 hour prior to dental implant procedure

C. 500mg of Azithromycin, 1 hour prior to dental implant procedure

D. No antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended.

B. 2.0 g of Amoxicillin, 1 hour prior to dental implant procedure

Practitioner education, including 1-minute updates, once weekly for 12 weeks, have been shown to influence prescribing patterns for acute dentoalveolar conditions and decrease prescription rate decreased by ______ compared to pre-intervention levels.

A. 54%

B. 65%

C. 73%

D. 87%

C. 73%

Providing patients information about the risks of antibiotic over-prescription, including educational posters in patient waiting areas stating that “antibiotics are not always the answer” and provider-delivered patient counseling are effective in reducing patient requests for antibiotic prescriptions.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Medical practitioners who adopted antibiotic stewardship interventions are more likely to be all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A. female

B. younger

C. more likely to practice in hospital settings

D. specialty trained

C. more likely to practice in hospital settings