The Circulatory System Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the anatomy, function, and processes of the circulatory and lymphatic systems as described in the Chapter 6 transcript.

The heart is surrounded by the __________, which is a thin, fluid-filled sac.

pericardium

The thin outer layer of the heart is known as the __________.

epicardium

The middle muscle layer of the heart is called the __________.

myocardium

The partitions separating the right and left sides of the heart are called __________.

septa

An inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue, often caused by partial obstruction of a coronary artery, is known as __________.

ischemia

A heart attack, or __________, is caused by complete obstruction of a coronary artery or prolonged ischemia.

myocardial infarction

The cardiac cycle, consisting of one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart, lasts about __________.

$$0.8\,seconds$$

The __________ node is known as the pacemaker because it initiates the electrical impulse for the cardiac cycle.

Sinoatrial (SA)

A graphic record of the heart's electrical activity during the cardiac cycle is called an __________.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

The average heart rate is approximately __________ beats per minute.

$$72\,bpm$$

The medical instrument used to measure blood pressure is the __________.

sphygmomanometer

The __________ circulation carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen.

pulmonary

The __________ is the largest artery in the cardiovascular system.

aorta

Microscopic, one-cell-thick vessels that connect arterioles and veins are called __________.

capillaries

The internal space of a blood vessel through which blood flows is known as the __________.

lumen

In the H-shaped pattern, the __________ vein is the preferred vein and first choice for venipuncture.

median cubital

The __________ vein is located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital fossa and is the second choice for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern.

cephalic

Plasma is composed of approximately __________ water.

$$90\%$$

The most numerous cells in the body, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, are called __________.

erythrocytes

White blood cells, or __________, are formed in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue to neutralize or destroy pathogens.

leukocytes

The Rh blood-group system is based on the __________ antigen.

D

The fluid portion of blood remaining after clotting, which does not contain fibrinogen, is called __________.

serum

The arrest or stoppage of bleeding after injury is known as __________.

hemostasis

The enzyme ___________ plays a major role in coagulation by converting fibrinogen to soluble fibrin.

thrombin

The liver synthesizes many coagulation factors and produces __________, an anticoagulant.

heparin

The process by which fibrin is dissolved is called __________.

fibrinolysis

The __________ duct is one of the two terminal vessels into which lymphatic capillaries empty before joining large veins in the upper body.

thoracic