9.4 Perineum Anatomy and Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the anatomy and functions of the perineum.

Perineum

The area of the body located between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx, encompassing the anus and external genitalia.

Urogenital triangle

The anterior region of the perineum, bounded by the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and the transverse line between these points.

Anal triangle

The posterior region of the perineum, containing the anal canal and surrounding structures.

Pelvic diaphragm

A muscular structure that forms the floor of the pelvic cavity, separating it from the perineum.

Levator ani muscle

A group of muscles that supports the pelvic organs and assists in maintaining continence.

Corpora cavernosa

Two cylindrical structures in the penis that fill with blood during erection, providing rigidity.

Corpus spongiosum

A spongy tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis that prevents the urethra from being compressed during erection.

Erection

The physiological process that occurs when blood fills the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum, causing the penis to become firm.

Ejaculation

The expulsion of semen from the body, resulting from contraction of the urethral muscle during orgasm.

Sphincter urethrae

A muscle that encircles the urethra, controlling the flow of urine.

Cremaster muscle

A muscle that raises and lowers the testes to regulate temperature for optimal sperm production.

Bulbourethral glands

Glands that secrete lubricating fluid into the urethra during sexual arousal.

Internal pudendal artery

The artery that supplies blood to the perineum and external genitalia.

External anal sphincter

A muscle that surrounds the anal canal and allows for voluntary control of defecation.

Ischiocavernosus muscle

A perineal muscle that helps maintain an erection by compressing the base of the penis or clitoris.

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A perineal muscle that aids in ejaculation in males and clitoral erection in females.