P2microbioB3

Question about what stage sa infection mu show ug NON-SPECIFIC signs and symptoms

Prodromal

This is the stage of the disease where pathognomonic (specific) signs and symptoms of a particular disease start to show

Acute

Virulence factor exoenzyme that can dissolve clots

Kinase

Indirect transmission EXCEPT a,food,b air, c.soil

none

Barophilic means?

Pressure loving bacteria

Which of the FF is true about viral DNA replication? All DNA viruses replicate their genome in nucleus
b. All DNA viruses replicate their genome in cytoplasm
c. Some DNA viruses replicate their genome both nucleus and cytoplasm

c

Viral engulf mechanism?

endocytosis

What classification of fungi is a natural decomposer of dead organic matter?

Saprophyte

In the chain of infection, which of the following can be a portal of entry and exit EXCEPT?a. Blood
b. Urine
c. Saliva
d. Skin

b. Urine

Which bacterial metabolism uses organic compounds as both energy and carbon source?

Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism

In the discontinuous/lagging strand of DNA replication, what fragment is visible?

Okazaki

Conjugation has a role in microbial resistance

True

Which of the following statements is FALSE about Bacterial DNA replication? a. Each original strand is used as a template for the new complementary base pairing
of nucleotides to make two molecules
b. The two strands are parallel to each other (reason: they are anti-parallel bro)
c. Helicase is responsible for separating the double helix
d. Replication of the two strands starts at the same time

The two strands are parallel to each other (reason: they are anti-parallel )

What happens during DNA replication?

Each original strand is used as a template for the new complementary base pairing of nucleotides to make two molecules

What is the reason that the two DNA strands are parallel to each other?

They are anti-parallel

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Helicase is responsible for separating the double helix

Does replication of the two DNA strands start at the same time?

Yes

What are bacteria called that use carbon dioxide as a sole carbon source and generate energy from inorganic compounds with oxygen as an electron acceptor?

Aerobic nonphotosynthetic lithoautotrophs

What is the stage of the disease where specific signs and symptoms start to show?

Acute

In conjugation, what do you call the recipient bacterial cell that already has the DNA makeup of the F+ plasmid?

F+

What do you call a carrier that does not have the signs and symptoms of a disease but can still spread it?

Asymptomatic

What is true about the second immune response?

High antibody count

In a turbiostat, what is held constant and what becomes the dependent variable?

Population density of the organism is held constant, and the specific growth rate of the population becomes the dependent variable

What type of RNA is unable to be directly translated into protein (mRNA)?

Negative-sense RNA

If a donor cell that is F-plasmid POSITIVE has already contributed to a recipient cell, what is the condition of the recipient cell?

F positive

Can a recipient cell that has received F-plasmid from a donor cell donate F-plasmid to other recipient cells?

Yes

What is the toxin associated with cholera?

Enterotoxin

What type of cell produces antibodies?

B cells

What are hair-like filamentous chains of cells consisting of tubular cell walls called?

Hyphae

What is a group of hyphae called?

Mycelium

How many bonds are there in adenine and thymine?

Double hydrogen

What chemicals can kill non-enveloped viruses?

Alcohol

Which of the following are asexual spores?

Blastospores

What type of carriers are ticks, mice, etc?

Vectors

What type of carrier state occurs when an individual who has recovered from an illness caused by the pathogen can still spread the pathogen?

Convalescent carrier

What is the process in which a small protuberance develops at one end of a cell called?

Budding

How are antibodies transferred from mother to child?

Natural passive immunization

What kind of bacteria grow at refrigeration temperature and lead to spoilage of food?

Psychrotrophs

What organisms are responsible for decomposition of refractory materials such as chitin and keratin?

Chytridiomycota

Which of the following is FALSE about exotoxins?

They are heat stable

How does phenol (lysol) disinfect?

Precipitates proteins

Which of the following can NOT be reservoirs for infectious agents Except?

None of the above

What fermentation does lactobacillus spp undergo?

Lactic acid fermentation

What fermentation do yeast undergo?

Alcoholic fermentation

All are true about innate immunity except:

A. this is a specific type

The time between a person getting infected with a germ and when they start to feel sick or show symptoms of the illness

incubation period

Thermophile maximum temperature

C: 113 C

Cells that create antibodies?

B cells

_______ chuchu _______ humoral antibody response (balik2 nani)

T and B cells

Antibody is the largest and first to respond?

IgM

This is the stage of the disease where pathognomic (specific) signs and symptoms of a particular disease start to show

Acute

Base pairing of Uracil

uracil replaces thymine and pairs with adenine

All stop codons except

UGG

Everything is true about exoenzyme except:

C: Kalimot nako

How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration?

36-38

In respiration for bacteria, which of the following is true?

All bacteria primarily go to anaerobic respiration

Disadvantage of standard plate count

Sensitive to the incubation temperature

Hair-like filamentous structures in fungi

Hyphae

What nucleotide base is paired with adenine in RNA?

Uracil

CONJUGATION AND TRANSDUCTION, Di ba ni mao tung 'direct type' of gene transfer or something?

Yes

Distinction between pathogenicity and virulence

Pathogenicity is the ability to cause disease, virulence is the severity of the disease caused

Correct match of digestive exoenzyme substrate and product EXCEPT:

Pectin: glucose

Number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine

2

Bacterial organism developing beta lactamases involves what mechanism on microbial resistance?

Enzymatic degradation

Ionizing rays can kill

Bacterial endospores and vegetative cells, but not always effective against viruses

What destroys bacterial endospores and vegetative cells of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

Sterilization

What type of transmission is associated with Clostridium tetani?

Indirect transmission

Curve phase where microbes are most sensitive to adverse conditions and antibiotics

Log phase

What type of genetic transfer occurs in Streptococcus pneumonia?

Horizontal Gene transfer

What toxin does cholera produce?

Enterotoxin

What type of transport uses carriers but does not require energy?

Facilitated diffusion (Passive transport)

What is the symmetry of bacteriophage capsid?

Complex

What is the term for simultaneous transport of two-opposite charge substrates in the same direction by a single carrier?

Symport

What is the term for simultaneous transport of two-like charged substrates in the opposite direction by a single carrier?

Antiport

What is the term for a genetic transfer process in which any bacterial gene can be transferred?

GENERALIZED transduction

What is the term for a genetic transfer process in which only specific genes adjacent to the prophage integration site can be transferred?

SPECIALIZED transduction

What is the other word for exponential phase?

Log

What type of mutagen is UV radiation?

Induced

How would you best describe bacteriostatic vs bactericidal?

Bactericidal (kill bacteria); bacteriostatic (stop bacteria)

Which of the following antibiotics is not bactericidal?

Macrolides

Which is not true about antibiotic response?

Sulfonamides target protein

What type of antibiotic is penicillin?

Semi-synthetic

What are viroids?

Small circular and single stranded RNA

What does the term 'environmental' refer to in relation to temperature?

Environmental

Where are virulence factors included in the disease causation triad?

Agent

What type of transmission is associated with E. coli?

Feco-oral

The reproduction rate is equal to the death rate in which stage

Stationary phase

Correct sequence of bacterial growth curve

Lag, Log, Stationary, Death

Cells involved in cell mediated response are?

T cells

Cells involved in humoral mediated responses are?

B cells

Which of the following is NOT a normal adverse effect after vaccination?

Seizure

Which is not a Beta Lactams

Macrolides

Rabies is what kind of transmission

Zoonotic

Canine Parvovirus is what kind of transmission?

Fomite transmission

A _________ is a type of base substitution in which a particular nitrogenous base is changed to the other base of the OTHER CLASS while _________ is a type of base substitution in which a particular nitrogenous base is changed to the other base of the SAME CLASS

Transversion (OTHER CLASS); Transition (SAME CLASS)

Question about viroids

It is composed of a single piece of circular single stranded RNA which has some double-stranded regions

Question about prions

They are composed solely of a misfolded form of a normal cellular protein usually a protein called PrP (prion protein)

Abnormal pathogenic isoform of the prion protein that causes sickness/disease

PrPsc

All are physical requirements for bacterial growth except:

Lipids

All are Chemical requirements EXCEPT:

Salt concentration