sports performance test

how many bones are in the human body

206

what are the numbers

1: Skull (Cranium)

2: Cervical vertebrae (Neck bones)

3: Clavicle (Collarbone)

4: Humerus (Upper arm bone)

5: Pelvis (Hip bone / Ilium)

6: Sternum (Breastbone)

7: Rib

8: Lumbar vertebrae (Lower back bones)

9: Radius (Forearm bone on thumb side)

10: Ulna (Forearm bone on pinky side)

11: Carpals (Wrist bones)

12: Phalanges (Finger bones)

13: Femur (Thigh bone)

14: Patella (Kneecap)

15: Tibia (Shin bone)

16: Fibula (Calf bone)

17: Tarsals (Ankle bones)

18: Phalanges (Toe bones)

what are the numbers

1. deltoid

2. pectoralis major

3. biceps brachii

4. brachioradialis

5. abdominal external oblique

6. flexor capi radialis

7. rectus abdominis

8. rectus femoris

9. gracilis

10. sartorius

11. tibialis anterior

12. fibularis longus

13. levator scapulae

14. deltoid

15. latissimus dorsi

16. triceps brachii

17. gluteus maximus

18. extensor carpi ulnaris

19. vastus lateralis

20. semitendinosus

21. gastrocnemius M

22. peroneus brevis

23. achilles tendon

function of skeletons

to provide support

to allow movement

to protect vital organs

to produce red blood cells

to store essential minerals

joint

where two bones meet and joined together

ligaments

how joints are connected together with a strong tissue

tendons

strong tissue that connects muscles to a bone

muscles

muscles attached to bones that cross over a joint allow bones to move

fibours

fixed joints

cartilaginous

slightly moveable joints

synovial

freely moveable joints

gliding joints

bone surfaces are flat and allow a slight sliding movement, examples are between the carpal bones in the wrist and between the tarsal bones in the ankle

hinge joints

acts like a hinge on a door examples are the knee ( femur and tibia) and the elbow (humerus and ulna)

ball and socket joint

one bone is a ball shape that fits into a socket surface of another bone. This is the most freely moving joint in the body examples are the hip joint (pelvis and femur) and the sholder joint (humerus and scapular)

pivot joints

a ring shaped bone surrounds another bone examples are the neck (first and second vetebrae) and the elbow ( radius and ulna bones)

skeletal muscles

they are the muscles that we are most interested in. they have some unique characteristics that allow them to create movement of the skeleton.

three characteristics of skeletal muscles

elasticity

extendibility

contractibility

elasticity

the ability of a muscle to return to its original resting length after it has been stretched, like an elastic band

extendibility

the ability of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting point.

contractibility

the ability of a muscle to contract or shorten, with force.

sprain

damage to ligaments around a joint

strain

stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

prevention

the act of stopping something from happening or arising

management

the process of dealing with or controlling things

minor injury

does not impare performance and can continue playing, bumps and brusies

moderate injures

not life threatining impacts performace, ligament sprains

severe injures

involes vital organs requires an ambulance, major bleeding

what if athlete is unconsious

do doctors abcd and think about getting more help like an ambulance

STOP

during a game

S- Stop

T-Talk

O-Observe

P-Prevent further injury

TOTAPS

for soft tissue injuries during a game or before a game

T- talk to athlete

O-Observe

T-Touch

A-Active movement

P-Passive movement

S-Skills test

RICER

injury management

R- Rest

I-Ice

C-Compression

E-Elevation

R-Referral

no HARM

do no harm for the first 24-48 hours

H-heat

A-achohal

R-Running

M-message

immediate care

0-48 hours do RICER control bleeding and swelling

extendend care

48+ hours do no HARM

after 5 days, regain flexability, gentle passive and active stretching

after, restoration of strength, endurace and coordination to muscles and a gradual increase of work load.

aim of strapping

limits movement and prevents action

provide support to injured ligaments

provide enhanced proprioception ( send messages to brain and muscles prevent movement)