APUSH Period 4: Ultimate Guide to Period 4 APUSH

Federalism

The concept of shared power between the central government and state governments.

Sectionalism

An increased loyalty to a particular region of the country (North, South, West) rather than to the nation as a whole.

Democratic ideals

Principles that emphasize equality and the right to vote for a broader segment of the population.

Transportation Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation, including canals and railroads.

Cotton gin

Invention by Eli Whitney that revolutionized cotton production and increased the demand for land and slave labor.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States.

Monroe Doctrine

A principle stating that European nations should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

Era of Good Feelings

A period in U.S. history characterized by increased nationalism and only one political party, the Democratic-Republicans.

Cult of Domesticity

A prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes in the early 19th century that defined woman's role in the home.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans, particularly the Cherokee, resulting in the loss of thousands of lives.

Second Great Awakening

A Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century that led to numerous social reforms.

Abolitionist Movement

The movement aimed at ending slavery and promoting the rights of African Americans.

Know-Nothing Party

An American political party formed in the 1850s that opposed immigration and the influence of Catholics.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the state's attempt to nullify federal tariffs.

Nativism

A political policy that favors the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants.

American System

A plan proposed by Henry Clay aimed at economic self-sufficiency through protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Labor Movement

The movement advocating for the rights and welfare of workers, including the establishment of labor unions.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848 to discuss the social, civil, and religious rights of women.

Judicial review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional.