Fine Art - Quiz 1/Midterm

Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife/The Arnolfini Portrait

1434 by Jan van Eyck

Lion Gate and Cyclopean Walls

1500-1300BC

polis

city, autonomous city-state; ie Athens, Sparta, Ilion/Troy, Corinth

minoan-mycenaen

age of palaces

geometric period

geometric ornament

archaic period

kore and kouros

post-and-lintel system

system of construction in which two posts support a lintel

kouros

archaic statue of a nude young man

archaic smile

representation of the human mouth with slightly upturned corners, characteristic of early Greek sculpture produced before the fifth century BC

Kroisos Kouros

c.540-515 BC. Athens

the Classical

"relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture"

"representing an exemplary standard"

classical orders

entablature and column

order

in Classical architecture a style represented by a characteristic design of the column and its entablature

column

a vertical, weight-carrying architectural member, circular in cross-section and consisting of a base (sometimes omitted), a shaft, and a capital

entablature

the part of a building above the columns and below the roof or upper story; the entablature has three parts: architrave, frieze, cornice

doric order

no base

ionic order

volutes capital

corinthian order

acanthus capital

Parthenon

Building consecrated 438; pediment sculpture 432 by Callicrates, Ictinus, Phidias

pediment

a wide, low-pitched gable at the top of the façade of a building; the pediment is formed by the sloping roof and the horizontal cornice

Doryphoros

Second half of 5th c. BC Roman Copy; after Policlitus

contrapposto

... the Italian word used to describe the way in which the different parts of the human body are counterpoised - balanced against each other An ability to represent this natural tendency was seen as part of the artist's skill in recording human anatomy in action, a skill much prized during the Renaissance when interest in anatomy and in the nude increased, especially in Italy

Grapes of Zexius

"The contemporaries and rivals of Zeuxis were ... and Parrhasius. This last, it is said, entered into a pictorial contest with Zeuxis, who represented some grapes, painted so naturally that the birds flew towards the spot where the picture was exhibited." Pliny: Natural History, B

Capitoline Wolf

c.500 BC or older [she-wolf Etruscan; babies later additions]

Reconstruction of the Forum Romanum with Capitoline Hill and the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

image 

engaged column

column attached to or sunken into a wall

The Pantheon

118-125. Rome

dome

a hemispheric vault

coffer

a sunken panel, often ornamental, in a soffit, a vault, or a ceiling

Augustus of Primaporta

14 AD

Equestrian Monument of Marcus Aurelius

c.180 AD

Arch of Titus

81 BC. Forum Romanum

Domus Aurea/The Golden House of Nero

years after 64 AD

grotesque

a style of decorative painting consisting of the interweaving of human and animal forms with architecture, flowers and foliage the style originated in ancient Rome and was rediscovered in the early Renaissance

amphitheatre

a roman conception resembling two Greek theaters put together; the Roman amphitheater features a continuous elliptical cavea around a central arena

The Flavian Amphitheatre or The Colosseum

c.72-80

round arch

a semi-circular arch

aqueduct

an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge across a valley or other gap

christianity

Christianity is today the world's most widespread religion, with more than a billion members, mainly divided between the Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox Churches. It originated among the Jewish followers of Jesus of Nazareth, who believed that he was the promised Messiah (or ‘Christ’), but the Christian Church soon became an independent organization, largely through the missionary efforts of St Paul.

Most Christians believe in one God in three Persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) and that Jesus is the Son of God who rose from the dead after being crucified; a Christian hopes to attain eternal life after death through faith in Jesus Christ and tries to live by his teachings as recorded in the New Testament.

catacombs

an underground cemetery consisting of a subterranean gallery with recesses for tombs, as constructed by the ancient Romans

basilica

a rectangular building plan consisting of a nave terminating in an apse, with aisles on one or more sides separated from the nave by a screen of columns; the central nave is often higher than the side aisles, allowing for the insertion of windows known as clerestory windows

building type with its origins in the large public meeting halls and law courts of Republican and Imperial Rome; later adopted for the earliest Christian churches

what are the parts of a basilica?

rectangular

nave

aisles

apse

screen of columns

clerestory windows 

block capital

simple cube-like capital with bottom corners tapered

who were the 4 evangelists and their symbol

matthew = human/child/angel

mark = lion

luke  = ox

john = eagle

characteristics of romanesque architecture

monumental, heavy/massive, clear structure

round arch, columns with block/historiated capitals, stepped portals, floral and geometric ornament,

what were innotvative of the speyer?

stone vault, groin vault

whats a crypt

underground chamber for relics or tombs

what are decorated capitals

has decorations, lots of detail

historiated or figured capital

a capital which is decorated with figures of animals, birds, or humans, used either alone or combined with foliage

the figures need not have any meaning, although they may be symbolic or part of a narrative sequence; historiated capitals were most commonly used in the Romanesque from the late eleventh to mid-twelfth centuries

portal

entrance/threshold, separates the real.ordinary world from the sacred world 

parts of a portal

archivolts

tympanum

lintel

trumeau

jambs

hierarchical perspective

a technique in which the artist uses unnatural proportions or scale to depict the relative importance of the figures in the artwork