College Biology - Cellular Respiration Test

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Test 4

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27 Terms

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Why do we need oxygen? (COLLEGE LEVEL)

  • To make ATP

  • Energy from food “reloads” ATP

  • Oxygen is the final electron accepter in the making of ATP

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) - what it looks like

Fully charged battery

<p><strong>Fully charged battery</strong></p>
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ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) - what it looks like

Partially charged battery

<p><strong>Partially charged battery</strong></p>
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Redox Reactions - two types

Oxidation AND Reduction 

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Oxidation

Loses electrons

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Reduction

Gains electrons

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Redox Reactions - how they work

  • In cells, when one substance is oxidized another is reduced

  • Transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule

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NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) - two types

NAD+AND NADH

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NAD+

Empty bucket

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NADH

Full bucket

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NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) - traits

  • Electron Carrier

  • Referred to as a “bucket”

  • Can carry 2 electrons

  • Redox Reaction

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Glycolysis - bullet list

  • First to evolve

  • Least efficient

  • “Sugar splitting”

  • Happens in cytoplasm

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Glycolysis - diagram + “must knows”

MUST KNOW:

Glucose

Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate

PGAL

Pyruvix Acid

<p>MUST KNOW:</p><p><strong>Glucose</strong></p><p><strong>Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate</strong></p><p><strong>PGAL</strong></p><p><strong>Pyruvix Acid</strong></p>
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Glycolysis - net gain

2 ATP

2 NADH

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Fermentation

If no oxygen is available

  • Anaerobic respiration

  • Alcoholic (yeast and bacteria)

  • Lactic Acid (muscles and bacteria)

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Krebs Cycle - bullet list

AKA “Citric Acid Cycle”

  • Happens in Matrix of Mitochondria

  • 2 turns per glucose (2 pyruvic acid)

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Krebs Cycle - diagram + “must knows”

MUST KNOW:

Pyruvic Acid

Acetyl Co-a

Citric Acid

Oxaloacetic Acid

<p>MUST KNOW: </p><p><strong>Pyruvic Acid</strong></p><p><strong>Acetyl Co-a</strong></p><p><strong>Citric Acid</strong></p><p><strong>Oxaloacetic Acid</strong></p>
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Krebs Cycle - net gain

Note: goes around twice, so double the diagram

2 ATP

8 NADH

2 FADH2

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ETC: Electron Transport Chain - bullet list

MAIN EVENT

  • Happens in Cristae of Mitochondria

  • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP

  • ATP Synthase

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ETC: Electron Transport Chain - diagram

Note 1: Electrons go down

Note 2: Pay attention to small details

<p>Note 1: <strong>Electrons go down</strong></p><p>Note 2: <strong>Pay attention to small details</strong></p>
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ETC: Electron Transport Chain - net gain

32 ATP

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Net Gain / Gain Summary - Glycolysis

2 NADH and 2 ATP

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Net Gain / Gain Summary - Krebs

8 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2

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Net Gain / Gain Summary - ETC

(Note: -2 ATP for Active Transport)

10 NADH — 30 ATP

2 FADH2 — 4 ATP

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How much ATP does 1 molecule of glucose yield in total?

36!

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How much ATP is gained from all 3 steps?

  • 2 ATP from Glycolysis

  • 2 ATP from Krebs Cycle

  • 32 ATP from Electron Transfer Chain

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Balanced Formula

C6H12O6 + 6O2 — 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP