AP chemistry Flashcards ✺٩(ˊᗜˋ*)و ✺

To help me memorize for May 6th

High dipole moment is indicative of a high or low boiling point?

High boiling point

Formula to find Fahrenheit from Celcius?

F= (C*1.8) +32

Molar mass formula?

M= mass (g) / moles (mol)

1 mol of gas at stp=? (bonus what does stp stand for?)

22.4 liters (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

If two atoms of the same type are bonded, the bond is_

a covalent bond.

Do covalently bonded atoms share or transfer electrons?

Covalently bonded atoms share electrons.

What determines if a covalent bond is polar?

The difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

Polar bonds have:

• unequally shared e-

Non-polar bonds have:

• equally shared e-.

When on the graph are covalent bonds at their most stable point?

At the minimum point on the potential energy curve (less energy mean less reaction)

Covalent bonds are formed between metals or non-metals?

Non-metals

Ionic bonds form between_

metals and non-metals

Are ionic bonds stronger or weaker than covalent and metallic bonds?

Ionic bonds are usually stronger, due to the electrostatic attraction between charged ions

Do ionic bonds share or transfer electrons?

Ionic bonds transfer electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions

Are ionic bonds usually polar and does this affect their ability to dissolve in water?

Yes, ionic bonds are polar, which enhances their solubility in water. The polarity helps to separate ions in the solvent

Do ionic bonds have high or low melting points?

High

Do ionic bonds have high or low enthalpies of fusion and vaporization?

High

Do covalent bonds have high or low boiling points?

Low (due to weaker intermolecular forces compared to ionic bonds)

Do metallic bonds have high or low boiling points?

High, as metallic bonds involve strong attractions between metal cations and delocalized electrons.

How to metallic bonds share electrons?

In an electron cloud focused around the cations.

Are metallic bonds good conductors?

Yes

Order the bond strength from strongest to weakest

Ionic > covalent > metallic > hydrogen > hydrogen > van der Waals forces

Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than van der Walls forces?

Stronger

What elements must be present for hydrogen bonding to occur?

N, O or F (all electronegitive)

Do hydrogen bonds have low or high vapor pressure?

Low vapor pressure

Do all molecules with a hydrogen form hydrogen bonds?

No, only those with highly electronegative atoms bonded to hydrogen can form hydrogen bonds.