chapter 3 and 4 easy notes

What are the classifications of epithelial tissue by layers?

1. Simple: A single layer of cells.
2. Pseudostratified: Appears to have multiple layers but all cells rest on the basement membrane.
3. Stratified: Two or more layers of cells.

What are the classifications of epithelial tissue by shape?

1. Squamous: Thin, flat cells.
2. Cuboidal: Cube-shaped; about as tall as wide.
3. Columnar: Tall and cylindrical like columns.
4. Transitional: Cells change shape depending on the degree of stretch.

Where is simple squamous epithelial tissue located in the body?

Alveoli in lungs and lining of blood vessels (endothelium).

Where is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue found?

Kidney tubules and ducts of small glands.

Where is simple columnar epithelial tissue found in the body?

Lining of the stomach, intestines, and some glands (like salivary glands).

What defines endocrine glands?

Ductless, secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; examples include the pituitary gland and thyroid gland.

What characterizes exocrine glands?

Secrete products into ducts; examples include sweat glands, salivary glands, and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

Long, striated fibers, multinucleated, voluntary control, attached to bones.

Describe cardiac muscle tissue.

Branched fibers, involuntary, found in heart walls, contains intercalated discs.

What is smooth muscle tissue's structure and where is it found?

Non-striated fibers, involuntary, found in walls of hollow organs like blood vessels and the GI tract.

What are excitable cells?

Neurons and muscle fibers that exhibit electrical excitability due to specific voltage-gated channels in their plasma membranes.

How does tissue repair vary across different tissue types?

1. Epithelial cells: High rate of regeneration.
2. Connective tissue: Limited capacity for repair.
3. Muscle tissue: Limited repair capabilities.
4. Nervous tissue: Some can perform limited repair, while others cannot.

What is fibrosis in the context of tissue repair?

The formation of scar tissue in injured tissues.