chapter 3 and 4 easy notes

What is the main function of the Mitochondrion?

Site of aerobic respiration.

What does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesize?

Produces proteins.

What is the role of the Golgi Complex?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

What do Lysosomes contain?

Digestive enzymes.

What is the process of Mitosis?

Division of a cell that results in two identical diploid cells.

List the phases of Mitosis in order.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

How many gametes does Meiosis produce and how are they characterized?

Four genetically unique haploid gametes.

What is the difference between Active Transport and Passive Processes?

Active Transport requires energy (ATP), while Passive Processes do not.

What happens to a cell in a Hypertonic solution?

Water moves out; cell shrinks.

Define Endocytosis and Exocytosis.

Endocytosis is the cell engulfing substances; Exocytosis is vesicles releasing contents.

What is Transcription and where does it occur?

The process of copying DNA to form mRNA, occurring in the nucleus.

Identify the four basic tissue types.

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.

What characterizes Simple Squamous tissue?

It is a single layer of thin, flat cells.

Describe the characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissue.

Branched fibers, involuntary control, found in heart walls with intercalated discs.

What is Fibrosis?

The formation of scar tissue in injured tissues.

What type of muscle tissue has non-striated fibers and is involuntary?

Smooth Muscle Tissue.

What is the key difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands secrete products into ducts; Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.