U5 Vocab Quiz #3: Modules 5.5 a,b,c,d

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities.

Psychotherapy

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Biomedical therapy

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.

Eclectic approach

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique that relies on free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences to gain self-insight.

Resistance

The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material in psychoanalysis.

Interpretation

The analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight in psychoanalysis.

Transference

The patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.

Psychodynamic therapy

Therapy deriving from psychoanalytic tradition, focusing on unconscious forces and childhood experiences.

Insight therapies

Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Person-centered therapy

A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers using active listening in an accepting environment to facilitate client growth.

Active listening

Empathic listening where the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification.

Unconditional positive regard

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude believed to help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Behavior therapy

Therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors.

Counterconditioning

Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli triggering unwanted behaviors.

Exposure therapies

Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to their fears in controlled situations.

Systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that gradually associates a pleasant relaxed state with increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Virtual reality exposure therapy

A counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through electronic simulations of specific fears.

Aversive conditioning

Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

Token economy

An operant conditioning procedure where individuals earn tokens for desired behaviors to exchange for privileges.

Cognitive therapy

Therapy that teaches new, adaptive ways of thinking by addressing the thoughts between events and emotional reactions.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A confrontational cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that challenges self-defeating attitudes.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

An integrative therapy combining cognitive and behavior therapy techniques.

Group therapy

Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, benefiting from group interaction.

Family therapy

Therapy that treats individuals in the context of their family system.

Confirmation bias

The tendency to focus on information that supports preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Meta-analysis

A statistical procedure for analyzing results from multiple studies to draw an overall conclusion.

Evidence-based practice

Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and client preferences.

Therapeutic alliance

A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client.

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Antipsychotic drugs

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and severe thought disorders.

Antianxiety drugs

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

Antidepressant drugs

Drugs used to treat depressive disorders and anxiety-related disorders.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A biomedical therapy for severe depression involving electric currents sent through the brain.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain to stimulate or suppress activity.

Psychosurgery

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior.

Lobotomy

A psychosurgical procedure used to calm emotional or violent patients by cutting frontal lobe connections.

Hypnosis

A social interaction where a hypnotist suggests perceptions or behaviors to a subject.

Dissociation

A split in consciousness allowing thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously.

Posthypnotic suggestion

A suggestion made during hypnosis to be carried out after the session.

Posttraumatic growth

Positive psychological changes following a struggle with challenging circumstances.