Principles of Health Care: Key Concepts and Terminology Review

What is the official authorization or approval in health care?

Accreditation

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

What was passed in March 2010 requiring states to establish health insurance exchanges?

Affordable Care Act

What is a health program for individuals 65 years or older?

Medicare

What is the primary focus of care for the elderly?

The aging population and their health care needs

What are the main factors influencing health care in the United States?

Economy, societal values, supply and demand, and technology

What is homeostasis?

The status quo in the body

What are the primary methods of transmitting infection?

Contact, droplet, airborne, and common vehicle

What are standard precautions designed to do?

Reduce the transmission of microorganisms

What is required for employee exposure protocol after an injury?

The injured employee must be seen and treated within 1 hour

What is the purpose of Transmission-Based Precautions?

To isolate patients with known or suspected infections

What does OBRA stand for in nursing assistant training requirements?

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

What is the class of fire extinguisher used for metal fires?

Class D

Which diseases are considered airborne?

Measles, pneumonia, varicella, tuberculosis

What is a characteristic of effective communication?

It includes a sender, message, medium, and receiver

What is the sum of a person's character?

Behavior, attitudes, values

What is the importance of active listening skills?

They require interaction with the sender and clear feedback

What is the effect of stress management techniques?

They can include proper nutrition, exercise, and relaxation

What is Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

A theory that ranks human needs from basic to advanced

What is the role of agencies of accreditation?

To determine if training programs meet acceptable standards

What are the changes in the health care industry driven by?

New medical discoveries, evolving health concerns, and technology

What are the factors that affect career advancement in health care?

Training, experience, education

What is the focus of care for the elderly?

They require significantly more health care than younger groups

What are the exceptions to the statements about Medicare?

It is not a state health program

What are the guidelines for working with patients from different cultures?

Respect cultural dietary preferences and explain tests

What is the significance of diagnosis-related groupings (DRGs)?

They affect the health care industry and Medicare reimbursement

What does RACE stand for in fire emergency response?

Rescue

How should chemicals in the healthcare workplace be stored?

In a way that prevents exposure, property damage, and liability to the facility.

What should be done with equipment that is not working properly?

Reported to the supervisor.

What is an example of a natural disaster?

An earthquake.

What does the term cutaneous refer to?

The skin.

What is rhinoplasty?

Plastic repair of the nose.

How many square feet of blood vessels are in each square inch of skin?

20

How can plantar, common, and flat warts usually be permanently removed?

By chemicals, freezing with liquid nitrogen, or burning.

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma.

What factors can skin lesions differ in?

Texture, color, location, rate of growth.

How does the skin defend against ultraviolet radiation?

By producing melanin.

What is the most serious form of skin cancer?

Melanoma.

How can a cyst be described?

A sac of fluid or dead cells that is solid to the touch.

What is a macule?

A discolored spot on the skin.

Which of the following is not a disorder of the integumentary system?

Tetanus.

What main function does the integumentary system serve?

To maintain homeostasis by regulating temperature.

Which layer of skin is the outermost?

Epidermis.

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure.

What does phlebitis refer to?

Inflammation of the veins.

What are the structures of the cardiovascular system?

Heart and blood vessels.

How many layers of tissue does the heart have?

Three.

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta.

What is echocardiography?

A procedure that uses ultrasonic waves to show the structures and motion of the heart.

What is cardiac catheterization?

A procedure in which a tube is inserted through a blood vessel into the heart.

What usually causes congestive heart failure?

A group of disorders.

What is true about rheumatic heart disease?

The heart muscle and valves are damaged by a recurrent bacterial infection.

What is the special instrument used in echocardiography?

Transducer.

What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis?

Diet and heredity.

Which of the following is not a function of the cardiovascular system?

Absorb sun into the skin.

When was the first heart transplant performed?

1967.

Where does HDL cholesterol take cholesterol?

To the liver.

Which structure is not part of the respiratory system?

Esophagus.

What risks factors are associated with atherosclerosis?

Diet, Heredity, Exercise, Environmental factors

What does HDL cholesterol do?

Takes cholesterol to the liver

What is bronchitis?

Inflammation of the bronchi

What is pleurisy?

Inflammation of the lining of the lung

What is dysphagia?

Difficulty swallowing

Why do the lungs have a sponge-like texture?

They are made up of a large number of alveoli

At what rate do children breathe?

More than 20 times per minute

What is vital capacity?

The sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, and expiratory reserve

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A respiratory disorder of newborns

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

A condition that occurs when a respiratory disorder of newborns exists

What causes tuberculosis?

Bacteria entering the lungs

What is an upper respiratory infection?

A condition when viruses or bacteria enter the nose, pharynx, or larynx

What is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States?

Smoking

What are the three processes of respiration?

External respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration

What is another name for the voice box?

Larynx

When were electronic cigarettes introduced into the United States?

2007

What must a health care worker recognize to provide adequate care?

The values, attitudes, and beliefs unique to each person.

Why does the health care industry change daily?

Due to new medical discoveries, technological advances, and evolving health concerns.

What did Maslow state about basic needs?

A person strives to meet the most basic needs first, including physiological needs.

What are the four stages of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, and formal operational period.

What are the three parts of effective communication?

The sender, the message, and the receiver.

What is character defined as?

The sum of the behaviors, attitudes, and values that a person exhibits to others.

What methods are used to manage stress?

Proper nutrition, exercise, relaxation techniques, and personal behavior changes.

What is active listening?

An important part of effective communication where the receiver interacts with the sender and provides feedback.

How are nonverbal messages conveyed?

Through appearance, facial expression, body motions, tone of voice, and distance between sender and receiver.

What phrases should health care workers avoid?

The phrases 'you must' or 'you should'.

What are the five main methods of transmitting infection?

Contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, and vectors.

What are Transmission-Based Precautions?

Precautions used for patients with known or suspected infection, in addition to standard precautions.

What is sterilization?

The removal of all microorganisms, including viruses and endospores.

What does the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) require?

Training for nursing assistants, including competency testing and periodic evaluation.

What is a class A extinguisher used for?

Fires involving paper, wood, trash, cloth, upholstery, rubber, and similar materials.

When should an injured employee be treated?

Within 2 hours of the incident.

What diseases are transmitted through airborne transmission?

Measles and varicella.

What are examples of multidrug-resistant diseases?

Infections caused by MRSA and VRSA.

What are the steps in proper handwashing techniques?

Wetting hands, applying soap, using friction, drying with paper towels, and using a paper towel to turn off the faucet.

What is body mechanics?

Using knowledge of proper body, balance, and movement to prevent injury.

What does RACE stand for in fire safety?

Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish.

How should chemicals in the health care workplace be stored?

In a way that prevents exposure, property damage, and liability.

What should be done with defective equipment?

It needs to be reported to the supervisor.

What are types of natural disasters and weather events?

Earthquakes, extreme cold, extreme heat, floods, hurricanes, landslides, power outages, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and wildfires.

What does cutaneous refer to?

The skin.

What does the dermis contain?

Blood vessels and nerves.