III. Major Management Theory

Scientific management

apply a scientific or systematic approach to the study of organizations. The idea was to apply the scientific method of cause-and-effect analysis used in the study of natural phenomena to the examination of business enterprise.

Bureaucracy management

examines the organizational aspects & work flow of companies to explain how institutions function & how to improve the process. Particular attention is given to the bureaucratic characteristics of organizations as they relate to rules, regulations & division of labor. Bureaucracy is often spoken of negatively, for example ,” bureaucrat or red tape”. For example , too many management layers may hinder communications & cause huge amounts of red tape, but too few layers may result in loss of control, thereby hindering management effectiveness.

Organizational Behavior management

focuses on performance & interaction of people within the organization. Rensis Likert, whose writings encouraged managers to be supportive in their relationships. Barnard recommended that executives encourage a climate of cooperation. result in loss of control, thereby hindering management effectiveness.

manager

a person who plans, organize, direct and control the work of others in order to run a business efficiently and achieve its goals.

director

design, develop long term future plans and implement the strategic plan for their company in the most cost effective and time efficient manner.

supervisor

an employee of an organization with some of the powers and responsibilities of management, occupying a role between true manager and a regular employee. A Supervisor is responsible for the productivity and actions of a small group of employees. An employee is a supervisor if they have the power and authority to do the following actions

administrator

determines the purpose of the organization, the strategic role it will fulfill within the context of a larger system or environment, and its goal. It also prescribes boundaries of responsibility and accountability through the definition of an organizational structure and budget limitation.

Vision

managers must have the ability to foresee something and sees the need for change. To be first and to be ready with solutions before the problem arise. He or she challenges the status quo and forces honest assessments of where the organization is headed and how it can best get there.

Motivation

it is the set of processes that moves a person toward a goal. Motivation is directly proportional to production. High motivation brings high production.

Good health

it embodies more than physical fitness. It means living a balanced life physically, emotionally and spiritually as the best antidote to tensions, illustrations, strains and effort.

Humility

this implies the recognition that we have shortcomings that we are not selfsufficient and that we need the help of our subordinates just as much as they need our help.

Leadership

it is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. This is another important characteristic of a manager that might bring motivation and success of the organization.

Mentorship

a formal relationship between a newly hired employee and a veteran employee role model that provides support and encouragement to the new employee. Managers should have the ability to teach new employees, helping them resolve personal problems and work related issues and conflicts.