Studied by 2 people
Phonetics
study of the perception and production of speech sounds (including motor and acoustic properties)
Phoneme
any vocalization that is considered speech
International Phonetic Alphabet
represents the sounds of words, not their spellings
Graphemes
alphabetic letters
Phonetic alphabet
maintains a one-to-one relationship between a sound and a particular letter
42
How many English speech sounds does the IPA have?
Allographs
different letter sequences or patterns that represent the same sound
Diagraphs
pairs of letters often represent one sound because there are simply not enough single alphabet letters to
Silent letters
letters that are present in words, but don’t make a sound
Morpheme
the smallest unit of language capable of conveying meaning
Minimal pairs
words that vary only by one phoneme
Free variation
some allophones are not linked to phonetic context; depend of speaker’s individual production
Words
composed of one or more syllables and at least one vowel
Onset
consonant before the nucleus
Rime
nucleus + the coda
Nucleus
vowel
Coda
consonant after the nucleus
Open syllables
end with a vowel (no coda)
Closed syllables
end with a consonant (have a coda)
Word class
what part of speech a word is
Primary stress
In words with more than one syllable there will be one syllable produced with the greatest force or the greatest muscular energy
Broad transcription
(systematic phonemic transcription); makes no attempt at allophonic variation; SLASHES
Systematic arrow transcription
(allophonic transcription); uses specialized symbols, called diacritics to show modification in the production of a vowel or consonant during transcription; BRACKETS
Impressionistic transcription
sed when transcribing an unknown sound, such as language with which you are not familar or a child with a severe speech delay
Vowels
speech sound that is formed without a significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities, and that serves as the nucleus of a syllable
Monothong
A pure vowel comprised of a single sound element
Diphthong
A vowel that involves movement of the articulators during production, resulting in a blend of two sound elements
Onglide
First element of a diphthong
Offglide
Second element of a diphthong
Tongue height
Refers to vertical position of tongue body
High vowels
produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth
Low vowels
produced with a depressed tongue
Note
Flashcard