APUSH Period 3

The Ohio River Valley

What was the land dispute that began the French and Indian War in North America?

Shawnee and Delaware Tribes

Which Native American tribe(s) helped the French to defend their land in the Ohio River Valley?

To pick the winning side and to protect their own interests

What was the Native American’s goal during the French and Indian War?

Ended the French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Changed the British land formation by adding Florida and the Ohio River Valley

What was one of the consequences of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

A line along the Appalachian mountains to prevent colonist expansion to the West

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

To avoid Native American conflicts with encroaching colonists

Why was the Proclamation Line created?

British war debt

What was the primary result of the French and Indian War that led to tensions?

The British Prime Minister after the French and Indian War

Who was George Grenville?

A tax on all paper products

What was the Stamp Act?

It was repealed

What was the result of protests on the Stamp Act?

There was no representation and no consent for the colonists

What was the main colonist problem with the Stamp Act?

Groups created to spread information about colonial grievances to the people

What were Committees of Correspondence?

The Sons of Liberty

What was the name of a very active protest group?

A leader for the Sons of Liberty

Who was Samuel Adams?

A group of colonial delegates who petitioned for the repeal of the Stamp Act

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

Boycotts and Non-Importation Treaties

What was the most common form of protest for colonists?

A statement from Parliament saying that they could pass whatever laws they wanted because they were in charge

What was the Declaratory Act?

Parliament was forced to repeal the Stamp Act

What caused the Declaratory Act?

British soldiers opened fire on protesters, killing 5 colonists

The Boston Massacre (1770)

A protest regarding the Tea Act, where the Sons of Libery dumped 5 tons of tea into the harbor

The Boston Tea Party (1773)

The Coercive Acts

What was the British name for the Intolerable Acts of 1774?

Increased the Quartering Act and shut down the Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for

What did the Intolerable Acts do?

natural rights, a social contract, individual talent instead of hereditary power

What were the Englightenment Ideas?

Ended trade with other nations

How did England restrict colonist trade?

It was an external tax mostly paid for by merchants

Why didn’t the Sugar Act have a widespread resistance?

John Locke

Who claimed taxes need consent of the people?

Elected officials know what’s best for you even if you don’t vote about it

What is virtual representation?

The people directly decide their needs and wants

What is direct representation?

Fake bodies of the tax collectors were hung as a threat

What does it mean when tax collectors were hung in effigy?

Nada —> 0$

How much revenue was collected by the Stamp Act?

More taxes on hard to produce things (troops deployed to enforce the law)

What were the Townshend Acts?

A smuggler and one of the Sons of Liberty

Who was John Hancock?

John Hancock was discovered smuggling win into Massachusetts without paying taxes

What was the Liberty Incident of 1768?

1 soldiers per every 4 people

What was the ratio of British soldiers to colonists after the open rebellion against the crown?

5 + 1 later

How many people died from the Boston Massacre?

Exaggerated

What is wrong with Paul Revere’s image of the Boston Massacre?

John Adams

Who defended the British soldiers from the Boston Massacre?

He did not believe the event was one to build a revolution on

Why did John Adams defend the soldiers of the Boston Massacre?

They were repealed to calm conflicts

What happened to the Townshend Acts?

342

How many chests of tea were thrown overboard?

Town Hall Meetings

What governments were banned under the Intolerable Acts?

A British General who was given a lot of power in the Americas

Thomas Gage

John Adams

Author of the Declaration of Rights and Grievances

A message for colonists to arm themselves and prepare to fight the British

What were the Suffolk Resolves?

“Blows must decide” — He was ready to give Americans a fight

How did King George III respond to the First Continental Congress’s messages?

Lexington and Concord

Where was the “Shot Heard Round the World” in 1775?

Ambushes

How did Americans put up a fight against the British?

A lack of resources such as ammunition

What was a problem that the Americans faced?

Americans realized that they had a chance of winning

Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill a moral victory despite losing?

To logistically argue against the Crown (Because of distance and size differences)

What was the purpose of Common Sense by Thomas Paine?

After fighting began at Lexington and Concord

When was the Second Continental Congress?

50%

What percent of the American population were patriots?

20%

What percent of the American population were Loyalists?

Someone who still wanted to be an Englishman

What is a Loyalist?

Americans allied with France

What followed the Battle of Saratoga (1777)?

A Prussian enlisted to train the Continental Army

Who was Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben?

The Battle of Yorktown (1781)

What was the final battle?

Ended the Revolutionary War and doubled United States land

The Treaty of Paris (1783)

To educate their sons about government and liberty

What was the new role of women after the Revolutionary War?

The first federal American government

The Articles of Confederation

The government did not have the authority to tax the people and could not enforce the tax anyway

Why couldn’t the government gain money under the Articles?

France, Spain, and Holland

What countries was the US indebted to?

An ex-soldier who couldn’t pay the taxes revolts over not being payed by the government

What was Shay’s Rebellion (1786)?

When the majority of the people can do whatever the want and take away the rights of others

What is Tyranny of the Majority?

A law regulating the unsettled western territory gained during the Treaty of Paris (1783)

What was the Northwest Ordinance (1787)?

To revise the Articles, then to create a new government using the Constitution

What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention?

The division of power between state and federal governments?

What is federalism?

By using a separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism

How was the large federal government supposed to be kept in check?

The agreement to establish a bicameral legislature with representation based on population (house of reps.) and also a fixed number (senate)

What was the Great Compromise?

Wanted representation based on population (favoring big states)

The Virginia Plan

wanted an equal number of representatives (favored small states)

The New Jersey Plan

Counted slaves as 3/5 of a vote

The Three-Fifths Compromise

The Southern slave owners have more democratic power

How could the 3/5 compromise shift the balance of power in the colonies?

Congress could not do anything about the slave trade until 20 years after ratification

What did the Constitution say about the International slave trade?

Alexander Hamilton

Who was the leader of the Federalists?

Critism of the government

What is dissent?

In the Constitution: Requires states to return runaway slaves

Fugitive Slave Law

collaboration

A separation of powers forces…

9

How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?

John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers?

Supported the ratification of the Constitution

Federalists

Written to convince people to ratify the Constitution

Federalist Papers

Opposed the Constitution

Antifederalists

Too much power to the federal government and it lacked a Bill of Rights to protect natural liberties

Why did the Antifederalists refuse the Constitution?

1788

When was the Constitution ratified?

Engaging in foreign conflicts and forming political parties

What did the Farewell Address warn against?

Established a 3 tier court system and Supreme Court powers

The Judiciary Act (1789)

John Jay

Who was the first Chief Justice?

The Federalists and Jefferson’s Republicans (aka the Democratic Republicans)

What were the main political parties in the early times following George Washington?

Jefferson’s Republicans/Democratic Republicans

Which party wanted to aid France in the French Revolution?

Americans rioted over taxes on whiskey, but under the new Constitution Washington was able to lead an army to put it out

Whiskey Rebellion (1791)

He was insecure and stubborn

What trait cause Adams to make harmful decisions?

French seized American cargo —> diplomats sent to negotiate, but the French wanted bribes and Americans refused

XYZ Affair

French + English aggression on the sea towards Americans

Quasi War

They wanted to make peace with France and encouraged dissent from Adams

How did the colonists feel about the Quasi War?

He passes the Alien and Sedition Acts

How did Adams respond to criticism and threats of dissent?

Ban dissent and criticism of the government

Alien and Sedition Acts

Responses to the Alien Acts that say that states can ban together and ignore unjust laws

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Virginia Resolution