Addition,The process of combining two or more numbers to find their total sum. (Indicator Words: sum, total, combined, plus) Addend,A number that is added to another number (or numbers) to find the sum. Algebraic Expression,A mathematical phrase that contains at least one variable and NO equal sign (e.g., 2x + 5). Algebraic Equation,A mathematical statement that shows two expressions are equal to each other (e.g., 2x + 5 = 11). Algorithm,A set of well-defined, step-by-step procedures or instructions for solving a problem. Area,The amount of two-dimensional space a shape covers, measured in square units. Associative Property,The way numbers are grouped in an addition or multiplication problem does not change the result (e.g., (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)). Circumference,The distance around the outside of a circle (its perimeter). Coefficient,The number multiplied by the variable in an algebraic term (e.g., in 7x, the coefficient is 7). Common Factors,Factors that are shared by two or more numbers. Commutative Property,The order of the numbers in an addition or multiplication problem does not change the result (e.g., a + b = b + a). Composite Number,A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. Constant,A value in an expression or equation that does not change. Decimal,A number that uses a decimal point to represent a part of a whole. Diameter,The distance across a circle that passes through the center point. Difference,The result obtained when one number is subtracted from another. Dividend,The number that is being divided in a division problem. Division,The process of splitting a number into equal parts or groups. (Indicator Words: quotient, divided by, split) Divisor,The number you are dividing by in a division problem. Exponent,A small number indicating how many times the base number should be multiplied by itself. Factor,A number that divides another number exactly without leaving a remainder. Formula,A mathematical rule or principle expressed in numbers and symbols. Fraction,A numerical quantity that is not a whole number, represented as a numerator over a denominator. Greater Than (and sign),The first number is larger than the second number. Sign: > Greater Than Or Equal To (and sign),The first number is either larger than or the same as the second number. Sign: ≥ Greatest Common Factor (GCF),The largest factor that two or more numbers share. Integer,All whole numbers (positive and negative) and zero (e.g., ... -2, -1, 0, 1, 2...). Inverse Operation,An operation that reverses the effect of another operation (e.g., addition is the inverse of subtraction). Irrational Number,A real number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction, and its decimal is non-terminating and non-repeating (e.g., π). Least Common Multiple (LCM),The smallest positive number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. Less Than (and sign),The first number is smaller than the second number. Sign: < Less Than Or Equal To (and sign),The first number is either smaller than or the same as the second number. Sign: ≤ Lowest Common Multiple (LCM),Same as Least Common Multiple. Minuend,The number from which another number is subtracted. Multiplication,The process of repeated addition. (Indicator Words: product, times, multiplied by, factor of) Not Equal To (and sign),The two numbers or expressions do not have the same value. Sign: ≠ Numeric Expression,A mathematical phrase that contains only numbers and operation symbols and NO equal sign. Numeric Equation,A mathematical statement that shows two numeric expressions are equal to each other (e.g., 4 + 5 = 9). Order of Operations,The set of rules used to solve mathematical expressions (PEMDAS). Perimeter,The distance around the outside of a two-dimensional shape. Pi ($\pi$),The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately 3.14159... Prime Factor,A factor of a number that is also a prime number. Prime Number,A whole number greater than 1 that has only two factors: 1 and itself. Product,The result obtained when two or more numbers are multiplied. Quotient,The result obtained when one number is divided by another. Radius,The distance from the center point of a circle to any point on its edge. Rational Number,Any number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q, including all integers, terminating, and repeating decimals. Real Number,Any number that can be found on the number line (includes all rational and irrational numbers). Remainder,The amount left over when one number cannot be divided exactly by another. Square Root (and sign),A number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number. Sign: $\sqrt{}$ Subtraction,The process of taking one number or amount away from another. (Indicator Words: difference, less than, minus, decreased by) Subtrahend,The number that is being subtracted from the minuend. Sum,The result obtained when two or more numbers are added. Variable,A letter or symbol that represents an unknown value in an algebraic expression or equation. Volume,The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies, measured in cubic units. Whole Number,Any of the non-negative integers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...). Addend,A number that is added to another number (or numbers) to find the sum. Algebraic Expression,A mathematical phrase that contains at least one variable and NO equal sign (e.g., 2x + 5). Algebraic Equation,A mathematical statement that shows two expressions are equal to each other (e.g., 2x + 5 = 11). Algorithm,A set of well-defined, step-by-step procedures or instructions for solving a problem. Area,The amount of two-dimensional space a shape covers, measured in square units. Associative Property,The way numbers are grouped in an addition or multiplication problem does not change the result (e.g., (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)). Circumference,The distance around the outside of a circle (its perimeter). Coefficient,The number multiplied by the variable in an algebraic term (e.g., in 7x, the coefficient is 7). Common Factors,Factors that are shared by two or more numbers. Commutative Property,The order of the numbers in an addition or multiplication problem does not change the result (e.g., a + b = b + a). Composite Number,A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. Constant,A value in an expression or equation that does not change. Decimal,A number that uses a decimal point to represent a part of a whole. Diameter,The distance across a circle that passes through the center point. Difference,The result obtained when one number is subtracted from another. Dividend,The number that is being divided in a division problem. Division,The process of splitting a number into equal parts or groups. (Indicator Words: quotient, divided by, split) Divisor,The number you are dividing by in a division problem. Exponent,A small number indicating how many times the base number should be multiplied by itself. Factor,A number that divides another number exactly without leaving a remainder. Formula,A mathematical rule or principle expressed in numbers and symbols. Fraction,A numerical quantity that is not a whole number, represented as a numerator over a denominator. Greater Than (and sign),The first number is larger than the second number. Sign: > Greater Than Or Equal To (and sign),The first number is either larger than or the same as the second number. Sign: ≥ Greatest Common Factor (GCF),The largest factor that two or more numbers share. Integer,All whole numbers (positive and negative) and zero (e.g., ... -2, -1, 0, 1, 2...). Inverse Operation,An operation that reverses the effect of another operation (e.g., addition is the inverse of subtraction). Irrational Number,A real number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction, and its decimal is non-terminating and non-repeating (e.g., π). Least Common Multiple (LCM),The smallest positive number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. Less Than (and sign),The first number is smaller than the second number. Sign: < Less Than Or Equal To (and sign),The first number is either smaller than or the same as the second number. Sign: ≤ Lowest Common Multiple (LCM),Same as Least Common Multiple. Minuend,The number from which another number is subtracted. Multiplication,The process of repeated addition. (Indicator Words: product, times, multiplied by, factor of) Not Equal To (and sign),The two numbers or expressions do not have the same value. Sign: ≠ Numeric Expression,A mathematical phrase that contains only numbers and operation symbols and NO equal sign. Numeric Equation,A mathematical statement that shows two numeric expressions are equal to each other (e.g., 4 + 5 = 9). Order of Operations,The set of rules used to solve mathematical expressions (PEMDAS). Perimeter,The distance around the outside of a two-dimensional shape. Pi ($\pi$),The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately 3.14159... Prime Factor,A factor of a number that is also a prime number. Prime Number,A whole number greater than 1 that has only two factors: 1 and itself. Product,The result obtained when two or more numbers are multiplied. Quotient,The result obtained when one number is divided by another. Radius,The distance from the center point of a circle to any point on its edge. Rational Number,Any number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q, including all integers, terminating, and repeating decimals. Real Number,Any number that can be found on the number line (includes all rational and irrational numbers). Remainder,The amount left over when one number cannot be divided exactly by another. Square Root (and sign),A number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number. Sign: $\sqrt{}$ Subtraction,The process of taking one number or amount away from another. (Indicator Words: difference, less than, minus, decreased by) Subtrahend,The number that is being subtracted from the minuend. Sum,The result obtained when two or more numbers are added. Variable,A letter or symbol that represents an unknown value in an algebraic expression or equation. Volume,The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies, measured in cubic units. Whole Number,Any of the non-negative integers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...)l
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