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Module 7 — Lesson 2: Lipids & the Plasma Membrane 1. Lipids * Lipids are large molecules composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. * If a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid, a phospholipid forms. * A phospholipid consists of: * 1 glycerol backbone * 2 fatty acid chains * 1 phosphate-containing group Phospholipid Properties Head: * Polar * Hydrophilic → attracted to water * Lipophobic → repelled by lipids Tails: * Nonpolar * Hydrophobic → repel water * Lipophilic → attracted to lipids 2. Plasma Membrane * The plasma membrane is a thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment. * It allows nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell. * It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. * A phospholipid bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail. Selective Permeability * Selective permeability allows some substances to enter the cell while keeping others out. 3. Plasma Membrane Proteins Receptors * Receive and transmit signals to the cell. Anchors * Attach organelles to the plasma membrane. * Help give the cell its shape. Transport Proteins * Create tunnels/channels that allow substances to move across the membrane. * Help substances enter the cell and waste leave the cell. 4. Homeostasis * Homeostasis is the process of maintaining balance in an organism’s internal environment. * It is essential for cell survival. * The plasma membrane plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

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