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Advancements in Technology and Science: 20th century witnessed unprecedented advancements in science and technology, enhancing globalization through inventions such as airplanes and the internet.
Political and Social Changes: The technological changes led to political shifts including the spread of democracy and increased international trade.

Medical Advancements: Medical innovations arose in reaction to global health crises, illustrated by the development of vaccines due to the rise of diseases threatening human populations.
Resource Competition: Issues like deforestation and dwindling fresh water supply necessitated environmentally friendly practices.
Communication and Transportation Needs: Global problems prompted advancements in communication and transport, altering industries globally.

Economic Policies: Many states adopted free-market policies, facilitating the rise of multinational organizations.
Improved Access to Education: Technology eased access to knowledge and political processes, fostering more diversity in classrooms and political movements.
Human Rights Discourse: Communication advancements spurred discussions on human rights, confronting prior discriminatory practices.
Cultural Transformation: By the late 20th century, arts and humanities reflected a globalized perspective, with consumer culture transcending national borders.
Formation of the United Nations: The UN was established to promote world peace and international cooperation among nations.

1950: Jonas Salk develops a polio vaccine.
1955: Kenyan Wangari Maathai founds the Green Belt Movement to combat deforestation.
1960: The U.S. government approves a birth control pill for widespread use.
1990: Nelson Mandela becomes South Africa's first black president.
1999: Protests against the World Trade Organization erupt globally.
2000: The World Wide Web is developed by Tim Berners-Lee, leading to widespread internet access.
2015: More than 190 countries sign the Paris Agreement to combat global warming.

Topic 9.1: Advances in Technology and Exchange
- Focus: Development of new technologies from 1900 to present.
Topic 9.2: Technological Advances and Limitations-Disease
- Focus: Environmental factors affecting human populations over time.
Topic 9.3: Technological Advances-Debates about the Environment
- Focus: Causes and effects of environmental changes.
Topic 9.4: Economics in the Global Age
- Focus: Continuities and changes in the global economy.
Topic 9.5: Calls for Reform and Responses
- Focus: Maintenance and challenge of social roles and practices.
Topic 9.6: Globalized Culture
- Focus: Changes in culture due to globalization.
Topic 9.7: Resistance to Globalization
- Focus: Varied responses to increasing globalization.
Topic 9.8: Institutions Developing in a Globalized World
- Focus: Changes in international interactions among states.
Topic 9.9: Continuity and Change in a Globalized World
- Focus: Impact of science and technology on change from 1900 to present.

Impact of Developing New Technology: Analyzing how new technologies have changed the global landscape since 1900.

Population Growth: Globalization and technological advancements have made the world feel smaller while supporting larger populations.
Communication Technologies: Early 1900s saw radio that connected people; later technologies like television, mobile phones, and the internet further facilitated connections.
Social Media's Role: Platforms like Twitter and Facebook transformed communication and played roles in political protests worldwide, e.g., the Arab Spring.

Air Travel and Cargo Movement: Daily air travel transports millions, with cargo planes and tankers facilitating commercial shipping.
Green Revolution
- Emerged mid-20th century to address hunger by developing high-yield crops.
- Utilize crossbreeding and genetic engineering to enhance agricultural productivity, and lead to environmental changes through land usage.

Transition from Coal: In 1900 coal was predominant, but advancements allowed petroleum and natural gas energy sources to become widespread, increasing productivity.
Nuclear Power Development: Post-WWII, nuclear power began generating electricity, although mixed with safety concerns.
Renewable Energy: Growing importance of renewable sources yet still a small percentage of total energy consumption.

Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, revolutionizing treatment for infections during WWII.
Concerns with Antibiotic Use: Risks of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of unmanageable strains.
Birth Control Advances: The development and approval of the birth control pill marked significant societal changes in reproductive rights and gender roles.
Vaccines: Expansion of vaccines post-1900 substantially reduced outbreaks of severe diseases and saved millions of lives, although access challenges remain.