Unit 1.1 - Dev. in East Asia | 1200-1450

East Asia

• China

• Japan

• Korea

Southeast Asia

• Thailand

• Laos

• Cambodia

• Myanmar

• Vietnam

Chinese Dynasty Bars

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han (x2)

Sui, Tang, Song, (x2)

Taun, Ming, Qing, republic (x2)

Mao Zedong (x2)

Confucianism

Chinese philosophy originating with Confucius during the Zhou Dynasty

Was made the state ideology during the Han Dynasty

Code of ethics which includes the idea of filial piety and advocates for hierarchical relationships.

Filial Piety - 5 key relationships: 

1. ruler -> subject

2. father->son

3. husband -> wife

4. brother -> brother

5. friend -> friend

Song Dynasty | 960-1279

Basic Information

• Did not include all of china

• Existed within medieval time period

• Great economic prosperity

• Sophisticated life

• Population more than doubled

Emperor Taizu

• Good paychecks

• Civil Service

• Meritocracy - Hiring based off of merit

• Expanded education

• Scholar Gentry Class

Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty

Buddhism arrives in China from India during the Han Dynasty

Buddhism becomes the most popular during the Tang Dynasty

The Five Dynasties periods had instability

Song Dynasty favors the native thoughts of Confucianism

Confucianism is blended with Buddhist and Daoist ideas

Neo-Confucianism is a crucial component in the success of the Song Dynasty’s bureaucracy

Bureaucracy - Government ran by a bunch of small groups

6 Ministries

• Ministry of personnel

• Ministry of Revenue

• Ministry of Rites

• Ministry of War

• Ministry of Justice

• Ministry of Public Works

Economy and Technology

Innovations

• Magnetic compass

• Cartography

• Medicine

• Roads and canals (Grand Canal)

• Printing

• Paper

• Gunpowder

Champa Rice

• Spread to China from Vietnam

• Drought-resistant

• Cut production time in half

• Rice could be farmed in different areas

• Steel production needed for agricultural equipment

• Abundance of food and growth in population

• Is the best ever

Growing Economy

• Proto-industrialization

• Artisanal labor

• Grand canal

Caused the most populous trading area in the world

External Trade

• Paper maps

• Magnetic compass

• Cargo ships

• Indian ocean trade

• Silk road

• Production innovations

• Paper money

Taxes

Public projects were built by requiring the people to work on them. This changed during the Song Dynasty, and tax systems were implemented and more skilled workers would work on public projects such as roads and canals. The skilled workers would be paid out of the tax money.

Commercialization

• Increases in food production

  • Irrigation systems

  • Champa Rice

  • Iron Tools

• Currency

  • Paper Money

  • Banking Systems

  • Taxes

• Innovations in Technology

  • Redesigned cargo ships

  • Canal lock system

  • Printing and paper

  • Magnetic compass

  • Guns and gunpowder

  • Porcelain

  • Water wheels

• Expanding trade Networks

  • Grand Canal

  • Silk Roads

  • Indian Ocean Trade

Commercialization and Urbanization

Tributary System

• Reflected ideas of hierarchy and ritual

• Operated as a metaphorical patriarchy

• Different from other tributary systems

• “Tribute-trade” system

Major Tributary States

• Korea

• Vietnam

• Champa

• Khotan

Culture

China influences Korea

• Pre-song influences

  • Rice and pottery styles

  • Architecture and clothing

  • Chan Buddhism

  • Written Language

• Song Dynasty influences

  • Landscape paintings

  • True-view landscape paintings

  • Porcelain

  • Historical records in chinese

  • neo-confucianism

China influences Japan

• Pre-song influences

  • Buddhism via china

  • Written language

  • Chinese astrology

  • Powdered tea

  • Southern chinese music styles

  • Imperial government reforms

• Song dynasty influences

  • Vajrayana buddhism

  • Use of chinese characters continues

  • Neo-confucianism

  • Tea competitions

China influences Vietnam

• Pre-song influences

  • Chinese culture on northern vietnam

  • Irrigation system

• Song Influences

  • Chinese civil service program

  • Mahayana buddhism

  • Classical chinese literature

• Rejection of Chinese Culture

  • Rejection of confucianism

  • Viets win independence from China | 939

The spread of Buddhism into China

Arrives via the Silk Roads in the 6th century

Chan Buddhism is a syncretic faith mixed with Daoist and Buddhist

Becomes popular in China during the Tang dynasty

There is pushback because it is too prevalent

Buddhism + Confucianism = neo-Confucianism

Types of Buddhism

Theravada Buddhism - Took hold in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Achieving enlightenment means ending the cycle of reincarnation. Enlightenment is generally only practiced by monks.

Mahayana Buddhism - Chinese Chan, Japanese Zen, Korean Son, and Vietnamese Thien. Has the largest following and focuses on bringing others into enlightenment. Reincarnation remains to continue helping others, not just monks.

Vajrayana Buddhism - Tibetan Buddhism, Mongolia, Japan, and Indonesia, but most stayed most popular in Tibet. “Fast track” to nirvana. Nirvana can be reached in one lifetime, which is not possible in the other two forms.

Key Ideas

• Filial Piety - Origin, spread, and effect

• Influences of Neo-Confucianism

• Confucian Hierarchy

• Spread of Chinese Culture throughout East Asia

• Branches of Buddhism

• Important Technologies - Champa rice, Grand Canal, iron production