PLANT TAX TEST 3 TERMS

Hypanthium

A floral structure formed by the fusion of the bases of sepals, petals, and stamens into a cup or tube (Fam. Rosaceae, Saxifragales broadly, characteristic of Rosid Clade)

Hip

the berry-like, fleshy, and usually red-to-orange accessory fruit of a rose plant, formed from the hypanthium after pollination, the receptacle turned inside out (Fam. Rosaceae, subfam. Rosoideae, Rosa)

Pome

Indehiscent, fleshy fruit in which the outer part is soft and the center contains papery to cartilaginous structures enclosing the seeds (Fam. Rosaceae, Tribe Maleae, Malus, Pyrus, Crataegus)

Androgynophore

A stalk that elevates both stamens and pistil above the rest of the flower, a stalk that bears the androecium and gynecium (Fam. Passifloraceae, Passiflora)

Vivipary

A reproductive strategy where seeds germinate while still attached to the parent plant (Fam. Rhizophoraceae, Rhizophora)

Epicalyx

a whorl of bracts located outside or below the true calyx, often resembling an extra, outer calyx (fake tepals) (Fam. Malvaceae, Rosaceae; Hibiscus, Gossypium, Fragaria)

Silicle

A short, broad fruit derived from a 2-carpellate gynoecium in which the two halves split away from a persistent partition (Fam. Brassicaceae, Alliaria, Brassica)

Silique

A long, narrow fruit derived from a 2-carpellate gynoecium in which the two halves split away from a persistent partition (Fam. Brassicaceae, Alliaria, Brassica)

Replum

Persistent, thickened rim of the fruit that bears the seeds (Fam. Brassicaceae, Cleomaceae, and many Papaveraceae)

Polygamodioecious

A breeding system where individuals have combinations of male, female, and perfect flowers (Fam. Vitaceae, Vitis)

Cupule

A cup-like structure that partially encloses the nut (Fam. Fagaceae, Quercus, Fagus, Castanea)

Heterostyly

Flowers in different individuals of the same species having 2 or 3 different style lengths, the stamen lengths often varying inversely (Fam. Oxalidaceae, Lythraceae; Oxalis tristylous specifically, Lythrum, Decodon)

Placentation

arrangement of ovules within the ovary; mostly axile or marginal in Rosid Clade

Liana

A woody climbing plant that relies on other structures for support (Fam. Vitaceae, Passifloraceae, Cannabaceae; Vitis, Parthenocissus, Passiflora, Humulus)

Oxalates

Compounds in plants that can give a sour taste and may deter herbivory (Fam. Oxalidaceae, Oxalis)

Raphides

Calcium oxalate crystals that can mess up your gut (Fam. Oxalidaceae noted in course; verify with professor as raphides are more broadly associated with monocots such as Araceae)

Cyathium

A specialized inflorescence in Euphorbiaceae that mimics a single flower (Fam. Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia)

Catkin

A slim, cylindrical inflorescence of unisexual, usually wind-pollinated flowers (Fam. Salicaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, Casuarinaceae; Salix, Populus, Quercus, Betula, Alnus, Carya, Juglans, Casuarina)

Samara

A dry, winged fruit adapted for wind dispersal (Fam. Ulmaceae, Sapindaceae, Casuarinaceae; Ulmus, Acer, Casuarina)

Cleistogamous

Self-fertilizing flowers that never open, requiring no pollinators (Fam. Violaceae, Viola)

Zygomorphic flowers

Bilateral symmetry (Fam. Fabaceae, Violaceae; Phaseolus, Pisum, Viola)

Actinomorphic flowers

Radial symmetry (Fam. Crassulaceae, Saxifragaceae, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae; Sedum, Kalanchoe, Hibiscus, Brassica)

Apopetalous vs sympetalous corolla

petals separate (characteristic of Lower Rosidae broadly) vs petals fused (characteristic of Higher Rosidae/Malvids; Fam. Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita, Cucumis)

Circinate petals

petals unfurl (Fam. Hamamelidaceae, Hamamelis)

Loment

fruit that splits laterally between seeds (Fam. Fabaceae)

Allelopathic

chemical inhibition of one organism to another (Fam. Juglandaceae, Juglans)

Marcescence

withering, but persisting on the plant (Fam. Fagaceae, Quercus)

Monadelphous stamens

filament bases unite to form a tube (Fam. Malvaceae; Hibiscus, Gossypium, Theobroma, Ceiba, Adansonia)

Stylopodium

enlarged, nectariferous basal portion of the style (Fam. Apiaceae — note: not covered in provided course outlines, verify placement in your course)

Rachis

main axis of a compound leaf or inflorescence (relevant to Fam. Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Anacardiaceae; Glycine, Lens, Carya, Juglans, Toxicodendron, Rhus)

Epigynous flower

floral parts attached to the top of the (inferior) ovary (Fam. Rosaceae Tribe Maleae, Cucurbitaceae, Onagraceae; Malus, Pyrus, Cucurbita, Oenothera, Fuchsia)

Perigynous flower

Floral parts attached to hypanthium, ovary superior (Fam. Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae and Tribe Amygdaleae; Rosa, Rubus, Prunus)