PSYCH 108 Maori terms

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Whakapapa

The interconnectedness of all things. It’s about “laying one thing on top of the other” — there is layers to the person’s genaeology.

It can map out relationships between people, ancestors, land, and the universe.

In terms of psychology, _ can help identify the journey/layers to a person’s mental state (ex: family life, personal factors)

Whanaungatanga

A sense of purpose in building relationships and maintaining connections among people. It is really important to Maori because it is the way people connect with each other, and is a marker of Maori identity.

According to Mason Durie, a sense of belonging is of paramount importance to Maori. It is enacted through cultural practices (ex, karakia), wairua, and the fulfilment of multiple roles.

In te ao Maori, it provides a sense of interrelation that recognises the purpose of coming together, diverse experiences and genealogy, and an expectation of unity and reciprocity.

Personal example — mexican huzz favorited an art of mine like ages ago, and now he’s MEXICAN HUZZ!!!!.

Manaakitanga

A value reflected in the generosity and kindness that one shows for others and to all living things.

Relationships grounded in it are based on respect and mutual affinity, and the assumption that they will help grow each other’s mana.

In it, reciprocity MUST be present. Something can’t be one-way giving and taking. Reciprocity can be shown as kindness and genuine engagement to patients in psychology, in which the reciprocation is the way they show willingness to talk to you and/or respect you.

Kindness and generosity can help elevate wellbeing. Manaakitanga can occur within friendships.

EX: ___ was not evident between me and Agam, as I would not meet his needs though he met mine. Communication between us yesterday was an act of ___.

Tangata Tiriti

People of the Treaty, including all non-Maori citizens and all residents of Aotearoa. Refers to people actively aligned with the Treaty of Waitangi.

Matauranga Maori

Knowledge of traditional Maori crafts and practices including worldview, creative practices, and Maori creativity.

Karakia

Incantation and ritual chants, say grace, recite prayer.

Korero Mai, Korero Atu

Reciprocity — the reciprocal nature of conversation. If you are willing to speak you must also be willing to listen.

Through the acceptance and practice of kōrero mai, kōrero atu new levels of understanding can be reached.

Kaitiakitanga

Being the person actively providing guardianship, stewardship, and trusteeship. In psychology you are the guarding the lives and feelings of others. You are responsible for protecting them.

This concept is very well-known in the environmental space (protecting nature and animals). It has to do with conservation and provision.

As a psychologist it is your responsible to guard others’ vulnerable emotional and mental state, and consider the best possible outcomes for them.

Tapu

Sacred, under the protection of atua (gods). Potential that exists within every human person, and is inherited at birth.

People still have a base level of tapu in mundane everyday contexts, and for someone to treat another disrespectfully is considered a whakanoa, an attempt to diminish their tapu.

Noa

The opposite state of being as tapu, ‘ordinariness’ which defines people as human beings. Here, this can occur through karakia, consuming food, to lift a behavioural restriction.

Mana

A supernatural force in a person, place or object.

Mauri

the “physical life principle”, that is the esscense which brings life to the physical whether that be human, flora, fauna, or marine life.

It is is the authority that has been given to you by the wairua (spiritual realm), or by the divine authority; by your tīpuna (ancestors), and by your people.

It gives you authority over your circumstances. Traumatic experiences, abuse, loss of land, loss of language, poverty and other adverse circumstances can diminish it.

3 F’s of Maori identity

Fixed, forced, fluid:

Fixed — Ancestral aspects of identity, including whakapapa and blood ancestry. This is the foundational aspect of being Maori.

Forced — Identities constrained by social, historical, or external forces, including marginalization, colonization, and societal imposition (e.g., being identified by others or facing negative stereotypes).

Fluid — The identity which the individual has agency over, one’s own interpretation of their indigenous identity. It highlights that there is no one way of being Maori.

The Cartesian dualistic notion of self

A Western psychological notion that a person is a separate entity from others and the environment.

Turangawaewae

“Traditional place to stand/the right to stand”, the Maori notion of sense of self. Unlike Western models that often view the self as an isolated entity, it situates the self as inherently interconnected with environment, ancestors, and whānau.

Connections

Maori often draw on - to describe who they are.

Whanau

Family and extended family — an important value for Maori.

Sometimes the blood family is not a safe place for some Maori, and they may consider others as such.

Hapu

Subtribe (division of Maori people or a community), also means “pregnancy”

Iwi

Tribe, can also mean “bones”

Tikanga

The “right way of doing things” — an ethical framework. Customary practices, ettiquette, ethical practice, values. Processes and practices that adhere with matauranga Maori, including powhiri, marae processes, hospitality, meeting people.

Wairua

A connection with a sacred dimension of reality — an internal connection to the universe

Tohunga Suppression Act 1907

An act aiming to ban the use of Maori health practices in New Zealand, and does not align with the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi.

Tohunga Maori

Expert Maori health practitioners, who hold matauranga Maori and act as intermediaries with spirits and ancestors.

Rongoa Maori

The traditional healing system used in te ao Māori. It includes the use of plant-based remedies, spiritual and physical therapies, and has a deep connection for Māori with the natural world.

Ihi

Aura

(A “Vital force or personal magnetism, which radiating from a person, elicits in the beholder beholder a response of awe and respect………..a personal essence”)

Huarahi Oranga

Seeking the best outcomes for health by addressing mental-health problems with Māori whānau from both cultural and clinical perspectives

Matekite

a Māori term used for a person who has the ability to “see” beyond the ordinary—often described as having prophetic/visionary insight or heightened intuition.

delete thi

delete later

He Whakaputanga

Māori Declaration of Independence, 1835. Created before the Treaty of Waitangi, it was the first ever legal document to represent Aotearoa as a sovereign nation ruled by Maori. They saw it as a way to assert their authority in Aotearoa, but the British saw it as a step to gain control over Aotearoa.

By July 1839, 52 chiefs had signed it as a declaration of independence, including Te Hepuku and Te Wherowhero, the first Maori king. The document was officially acknowledged by the British government.

Richard Busby saw it as a significant mark of Maori identity, which stopped other countries from making formal deals with Maori.

Te Tiriti o Waitangi

A treaty that promised Māori full authority over their treasures (land, sea, children), and the ability to manage their affairs, while English were allowed governing rights.

It is referred to as the nation’s “founding document”, but that position belongs to He Whakaputanga. The English and Maori versions differed significantly. The treaty was signed 6 Feb, 1840.

Kupu

Words, which carry their own vibrations. The way in which kupu is delivered influences the way in which korero is delivered.

Huarahi Oranga

Seeking the best possible path for mental health recovery by addressing mental health problems with Maori whānau from both cultural and clinical perspectives.

Mahi wairua

Spiritual work and healing within Te Ao Māori (the Māori worldview), focusing on restoring balance to a person’s spirit (wairua)

English version

Which version of Te Tiriti are these items from?

• Maori cede the soverignty of New Zealand to Britain

• Maori give the crown the right to buy lands they wish to sell, and in return they recieve full ownership of their lands, forests, fisheries and other assets

• Maori are given the rights and privileges of British subjects

Maori version

Which version of Te Tiriti are these items from?

• Maori cede the governance (kawangatanga) of New Zealand to Britain (understood as the Queen having the right to control their own subjects, while they control theirs)

• Maori are guaranteed full authority over their land or anything of value.