MLSC 4053 Exam 2 (Immunology Unit Final Exam) Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering infectious diseases, TORCH, streptococcal infections, syphilis, vector-borne illnesses, hepatitis, EBV, hypersensitivity, immunodeficiencies, and transplant immunology as outlined in the MLSC 4053 Exam 2 Study Guide.

Rubella Titer

A laboratory test used to determine anamnestic memory response and assess the immune status of a host.

Anamnestic Memory Response

A rapid immune response to a previously encountered antigen, often evaluated by comparing titer concentrations between acute and convalescent specimens.

IgM Antibodies

Immunoglobulins typically associated with the acute stage of infection; significant in screening for various TORCH antigens.

Histoplasma capsulatum

The fungal organism responsible for causing the disease histoplasmosis.

Opportunistic Fungal Infections

Fungal illnesses that occur in specific susceptible patient populations, often due to compromised immune status.

TORCH Acronym

A group of infectious organisms including Toxoplasmosis, Other (Syphilis, Varicella-Zoster, etc.), Rubella, CMV, and Herpes Simplex virus.

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Group A Streptococcus, a bacterium associated with diseases like Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and necrotizing fasciitis.

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

Group B Streptococcus, a bacterium noted for specific infections and long-term complications.

M proteins and Fimbriae proteins

Virulence factors found on Streptococcus organisms that assist in the mechanism of disease.

Nontreponemal Tests

Syphilis screening tests that detect biomarkers associated with cellular damage rather than direct antibodies to Treponema pallidum.

Reverse Testing Algorithm

A specific sequence of laboratory tests used to confirm a diagnosis of syphilis.

Secondary Syphilis

The second stage of syphilis infection requiring specific laboratory workup and specimen selection.

Tertiary Syphilis

The advanced stage of syphilis infection involving specific clinical symptoms and laboratory analysis.

Lyme Disease

A vector-borne illness whose laboratory workup includes specific diagnostic procedures and disease mechanisms.

Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis/HGE, and RMSF

A group of vector-borne illnesses that are part of the immunology unit's laboratory workup.

Hepatitis Serologic Markers

Markers that appear in a specific order during the progression of hepatitis infection, used for interpretation and staging.

Hepatitis D and B Coinfection

The simultaneous infection of a patient with both Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D, identified via specialized laboratory testing.

Fecal-oral Route

A transmission mode for specific hepatitis viruses, distinct from blood product or needlestick transmission.

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

A virus belonging to a specific family that infects cells, causes Infectious Mononucleosis, and can lead to complications like Burkitt Lymphoma.

Heterophile Antibodies

Antibodies that are tested during an EBV workup to determine if they are positive for a current infection.

EBNA Antigens

Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigens, laboratory markers used to determine the phase of an EBV infection.

Hypersensitivity Reactions (Types I-IV)

Classifications of immune responses (antibody or cell-mediated) that may or may not involving complement, associated with specific medical conditions.

DiGeorge syndrome

A type of primary immunodeficiency described by its unique pathogenesis in the immunology unit.

Bruton’s X-linked Agammaglobulinemia

A primary immunodeficiency condition listed alongside Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and HIV infection.

Multiple Myeloma (MM)

An immunoproliferative disorder involving specific cytogenetics, abnormal electrophoresis findings, and distinct pathogenesis.

Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM)

A monoclonal gammopathy characterized by specific clinical features and diagnostic laboratory findings.

ANA Antibodies

Antinuclear antibodies that show patterns like Homogeneous, Speckled, Centromere, and Nucleolar, associated with specific autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune Disorders (Lupus, RA, Pernicious Anemia, IDDM)

A group of conditions characterized by a failure of self-tolerance, each with specific pathogenesis and lab findings.

MHC and HLA Antigens

Major Histocompatibility Complex and Human Leukocyte Antigens, coded on specific chromosomes and classified as Class I or Class II.

Graft Rejection

The process where a host's immune system attacks a transplant, categorized by timeframe and mediated by specific pathogenesis.