MSK - anatomy and microscopic anatomy of long bones

What is the epiphysis?

The wider ends of the bone (proximal and distal epiphysis) which are filled with spongy bone, which is filled by red bone marrow

What is the diaphysis?

The shaft of the bone, made up with hard compact bone

What is the medullary cavity?

Hollow region of the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow

What is the endosteum?

The delicate lining of the medullary cavity where bone growth, repair, and remodelling occur

What is the periosteum?

A fibrous membrane covering the outermost layer of bone (peri- means surrounding) containing blood vessels and nerves. This is where tendons and ligaments connect to

What is articulate cartilage?

Instead of periosteum, the ends of the epiphysis are covered in articulated cartilage which reduces friction and absorbs shock

What is an osteon/Haversian system?

The microscopic structural unit of compact bone

What is a Haversian canals/central canal?

A hole running down the centre of an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves

What are Volkmanns’s canals?

Perforating canals which branch of from the Haversian canals, interconnecting the Haversian canals to the periosteum

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