Chpt. 4 voc - book

Mitosis

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)

Chromosome

structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material

Asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction fission, budding, and regeneration in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to its parent organism

Sexual reproduction

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity

Sperm

Haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs

Egg

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization

in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and an egg

Zygote

new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divided by mitosis and develop into a new organism

Diploid

a solid state component made from two layers of semiconductor material that allows electric current to flow in only one direction and is commonly used to change alternating current to direct current

Haploid

cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Meiosis

reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organism

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogenous bases

RNA

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Gene

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins

Mutation

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism