Chapter 19: Cell Junctions and the Extracellular Matrix

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell junctions and the extracellular matrix as outlined in the lecture notes.

Cell Junctions

Structures that connect cells together, allowing for communication and adhesion between them.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A network of proteins and carbohydrates outside of cells that provides structural and biochemical support.

Cadherins

Transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in a calcium-dependent manner.

Integrins

Transmembrane proteins that facilitate cell-matrix adhesion and link the ECM to the cytoskeleton.

Desmosomes

connecting intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the next cell

Tight Junctions

Seals gap between epithelial cells

Gap Junctions

Channels that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells, facilitating the transfer of ions and small molecules.

Catenins

Proteins that link cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton and play a role in cell adhesion.

Types of Cadherins

N, E, and P types of cadherins, each with specific roles in cell adhesion and tissue organization.

Fibronectin

A multifunctional glycoprotein that binds to integrins and helps to organize the extracellular matrix.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Large, highly charged polysaccharides that help to resist compression in the extracellular matrix.

Proteoglycans

Proteins that are heavily glycosylated with GAGs; they play important roles in cellular functions and matrix organization.

Laminin

A key component of the basal lamina that helps to anchor cells and supports the structure of tissues.

Anchorage Dependence

The requirement for cells to be attached to a substrate in order to grow and survive.

Cell-Matrix Junctions

Connections between a cell and the extracellular matrix, typically involving integrins.

Mechanical Forces

Forces that influence cellular behavior and structure, often involved in tissue remodeling and signaling.