Bio

Solid objects

________ do not pass through each other because electrons around atoms repel each other.

Octet rule

________: with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are more stable energetically when they have 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Carbohydrates

________ can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O) n where n is the number of carbons in the molecule.

Enantiomers

________ are molecules that share the same chemical structure and chemical bonds but differ in the three- dimensional placement of atoms so that they are mirror images (e.g.

Lipids

________ are usually nonpolar because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly carbon- carbon /hydrogen- carbon bonds.

Functional groups

________ can participate in specific chemical reactions.

Insects

________ stay afloat on water because of surface tension.

Metallic bonds

________ make metals conductive and malleable.

RNA

What is usually single- stranded and made of ribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds? Answer with a single words or term.

Hydrogen gas

What is bubbled through oils which may double bonds from cis to trans? Answer with a single words or term.

Cations

What are positive ions formed by losing electrons? Answer with a single words or term.

Organic molecules

________ made entirely of carbon and hydrogen.

Nucleic acids

________ carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and instructions for cell functions.

Fats

Who are also called triacylglycerols /triglycerides because of their structure? Answer with a single words or term.

Hydrolysis

What is a reaction in which a water molecule is used to break down another compound? Answer with a single words or term.

Specific enzymes

________ catalyze (speed up) dehydration and hydrolysis reactions.

Stereoisomers

What are molecules that share the same chemical structure and bonds but have a different organization of atoms around one carbon? Answer with a single words or term.

Genome

________- the genetic content of a cell.

Anions

________ are negative ions formed by gaining electrons.

Hydrogen bonds

________ give water unique characteristics.

textbooks

Some ________ use van der Waals forces only to refer to London dispersion forces.

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A(n) ________ can be used to show a reaction.

Acids

________ increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (lower pH) usually by having one of its own hydrogen ions dissociate.

Starch

________ consumed by humans is broken down by enzymes into smaller molecules like glucose and maltose, which is then absorbed by the cells.

Phospholipids

________ placed in water form a micelle, where the heads face the outside and the fatty acids face the interior.