Chapter 28: The Female Reproductive System

These flashcards cover important terms and concepts from Chapter 28 on the female reproductive system, focusing on anatomy, physiology, and reproductive cycles.

Uterus

A thick muscular chamber that opens into the roof of the vagina, providing support for embryo development.

Endometrium

Inner mucosa of the uterus that thickens in response to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.

Ovaries

Female gonads responsible for producing egg cells (ova) and sex hormones.

Folliculogenesis

The development of ovarian follicles around the egg that undergo oogenesis.

Menstrual cycle

The cyclical process of endometrial buildup and breakdown, averaging 28 days.

Ovulation

The release of a secondary oocyte from a mature follicle, typically around day 14 of the menstrual cycle.

Corpus luteum

The hormone-secreting structure formed from the remnants of a Graafian follicle after ovulation.

Estrogens

Hormones that regulate the female reproductive system and promote the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the endometrium for possible implantation.

Pap smear

A medical test that screens for cervical cancer by examining cervical cells.

Vagina

Distensible muscular tube that connects the cervix to the external female genitalia, serving multiple reproductive functions.

Clitoris

The primary center for erotic stimulation in females, consisting of erectile tissue.

Mammary glands

Glands that produce milk to nourish infants, activated by hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Oogenesis

The process of egg cell (ovum) production that begins before birth and is completed after fertilization.

Cervical canal

The passageway that connects the uterus with the vagina, containing the internal os and external os.

LH surge

A rapid increase in luteinizing hormone that triggers ovulation and completion of meiosis I.

Fimbriae

Fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tubes that help in guiding the oocyte released during ovulation.

Estradiol

The most abundant form of estrogen, playing a key role in the menstrual cycle and reproductive health.

Urinary bladder

Organ that stores urine, located anterior to the uterus.

Menarche

The first occurrence of menstruation, marking the onset of female reproductive capability.

Luteal phase

The phase in the menstrual cycle after ovulation during which the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterine lining for potential pregnancy.

Vestibular Bulbs

Two elongated erectile tissues located on either side of the vaginal opening, playing a role in sexual arousal and lubrication.

Lesser Vestibular Glands

Small glands located near the vaginal opening that produce a mucous secretion to aid in lubrication.

Greater Vestibular Glands

Large glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete mucous to enhance lubrication and facilitate sexual intercourse.

Thelarche

The onset of breast development in females, marking the beginning of sexual maturation and a sign of puberty.

Climacteric

The transitional period leading up to menopause when a woman experiences hormonal changes, often resulting in various physical and emotional symptoms.