Biology Test Review: Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 6

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 6 for an upcoming biology test.

What are the three terms introduced in Chapter 1?

Anatomy, Physiology, and Dissection.

What is the anatomical position?

The standard position of the body for study, standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

What does the diaphragm separate?

The thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

What are the two main body cavities?

The dorsal cavity (which includes the cranial and spinal cavities) and the ventral cavity (which includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).

What is Homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism.

What is Interstitial fluid (IF) and what is its purpose?

Fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells, providing them with nutrients and a medium for waste exchange.

What is the difference between Active and Passive Transport?

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

What are Mitochondria?

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.

What is the function of nervous tissue and its two types of cells?

Nervous tissue functions in the transmission of electrical impulses; the two types of cells are neurons and glial cells.

Which tissue is most abundant in the body?

Connective tissue.

What connective tissue is responsible for fueling the body to help maintain a homeostatic temperature?

Adipose tissue.

What is the fluid form of connective tissue?

Blood.

Which connective tissue type provides support and protection for the body?

Bone.

Which epithelial tissue helps with gas exchange and lines vessels?

Simple squamous epithelium.

Which tissue type allows movement and contractility by shortening?

Muscle tissue.

What is another name for cancellous bone?

Spongy bone.

What is the composition of compact bone?

Dense and structured with a hard outer layer made of mineralized matrix.

Which body tissue is responsible for conduction of impulses?

Nervous tissue.

Which epithelial tissue allows for stretching without damage?

Transitional epithelium.

Which type of muscle tissue is found in tubular shaped organs of the body?

Smooth muscle.

Where is the Matrix found?

In connective tissues, providing a structure for cell attachment.

What are the three types of Epithelial membranes?

Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and serous membrane.

What are the two main layers of skin and what are they composed of?

The epidermis (outer layer made of stratified squamous epithelium) and the dermis (inner layer made of connective tissue).

What are the two classes of Sudoriferous glands?

Eccrine glands and Apocrine glands.

Differentiate between Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous cells, basal cell carcinoma arises from basal cells, and melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes.