biology part 1

What are the five conditions necessary for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

No mutations introducing new alleles, No natural or sexual selection, No gene flow (migration), Infinite population size (to negate genetic drift), Random mating with respect to the gene in question.

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequencies?

p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p² is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous individuals, and q² is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.

How can you determine if a population has evolved with respect to a specific gene?

Compare allele frequencies across generations; changes indicate evolution due to mechanisms like selection, drift, or migration.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes that the population size is __________.

very large

The allele frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are represented by the equation __________.

p + q = 1.

The genotype frequencies under HW equilibrium are calculated using the formula __________.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1.

What does p² + 2pq + q² = 1 represent in population genetics?

Genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

What does p + q = 1 represent in population genetics?

The allele frequencies of a population.

In a population where p = 0.7 and q = 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals under HW equilibrium?

0.42 or 42%.

What statistical test is used to evaluate if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test.

What is the null hypothesis when performing a Chi-Square test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (observed and expected genotype frequencies are equal).