Cellular Respiration Biology Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards based on cellular respiration clicker questions covering glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation.

Anaerobic respiration

A process that uses an inorganic molecule as a terminal electron acceptor and is used by organisms like $E. coli$ with nitrate reductase to transfer electrons to nitrate ($NO_3$) instead of oxygen.

$$FADH_2$$

A coenzyme that is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle.

Pyruvate oxidation

A step in cellular respiration during which no ATP is made.

Net yield of glycolysis

The result of costing $2$ ATPs and making $4$ ATPs, totaling a net yield of $2$ ATPs.

Acetyl-CoA

A molecule whose $2$ carbons are eventually used to form carbon dioxide ($CO_2$).

Glycolysis

A series of reactions that do not require oxygen and can take place in an anaerobic environment.

Function of NADH and $FADH_2$

Providing electrons and $H^+$ to the electron transport chain.

ATP synthase

An $H^+$ channel embedded in the cristae that spins due to the flow of $H^+$ and uses rotational energy to form ATP.

Substrate level phosphorylation

A form of phosphorylation that differs from oxidative phosphorylation because it uses $PO_4$ from a donor molecule only.

Alcohol fermentation

An anaerobic process used in making wine; it must occur in an airtight container because fermentation only occurs in the absence of oxygen.

NADH dehydrogenase and Cytochrome oxidase

Transmembrane proteins embedded in the cristae that are powered by electrons and pump $H^+$ from the matrix.

Cyanide

A lethal substance that inhibits cytochrome oxidase, causing the electron transport chain to shut down.

ATP per unit of mass

In a meal of bread, meat, and cheese, cheese produces the most ATP per unit of mass.

Autotroph

An organism capable of producing its own nutrients, such as asparagus.

Electron energy in ETC

The energy state of electrons as they move through the electron transport chain, where they lose energy through each transfer.

Cardiac muscle restricted blood flow

A condition occurring during a heart attack that results in decreased ATP production for cellular respiration.