Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts and Diseases
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28 Terms
What are the major parts of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
Nephron
What are the three main regions of the kidney?
Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
Filtration of blood to form urine
What does Bowman's capsule do?
Collects filtrate from the glomerulus
What is the role of the ureters?
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What is the bladder's primary function?
Store urine until excretion
What is the urethra's function in males?
Carries both urine and semen
What is the urethra's function in females?
Carries only urine
How does the length of the male urethra compare to the female urethra?
Male urethra is approximately 20 cm; female urethra is approximately 4 cm
What is the composition of urine?
95% water, urea, uric acid, creatinine, mineral salts, pigments
What condition is characterized by excessive urine output?
Polyuria
What is nocturia?
Night-time urination
What is oliguria?
Decreased urine output (<400 mL/day)
What is anuria?
No urine output (<50 mL/day)
What is hematuria?
Presence of blood in urine
What is the primary function of the nephrons?
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion of substances in urine formation
What is cystitis?
Inflammation of the bladder
What is glomerulonephritis?
Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys
What is pyelonephritis?
Kidney infection affecting the renal pelvis
What is renal failure?
Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood
What is uremia?
Excess urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
What is urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Infection in any part of the urinary system
What is the role of ADH in kidney function?
Regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys
What does aldosterone control?
Sodium retention in the kidneys
What is the significance of transitional epithelium in the bladder?
Allows for expansion and contraction of the bladder
What is the purpose of the renal pelvis?
Collects processed urine and connects to the ureters
What is the process of micturition?
The act of expelling urine from the bladder