Unit 6- Absolute Rulers Quizlet

What is an absolute monarchy?

When a king/queen has full power over a country

What is Divine Right?

The belief that the monarch can do no wrong and is chosen by God to rule

What groups of people would generally stand in the way of an absolute monarchy?

The Nobility and Representative Bodies (ex: Parliament)

What were some problems in France in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Religious differences, civil war/rebellion, high inflation, and poor harvests

Explain the religious struggles/French wars of Religion

A period of time where the Huguenots, French Protestants, fought French Catholics on which religion would be the dominant religion

Who is Henry IV?

King Henry IV of France was the King of France who basically set the blueprint for future absolute rulers and passed the Edict of Nantes

How did Henry work to solve France's problems?

- He converted to Catholicism after being Huguenot

- Passed the Edict of Nantes

- Revoked the power of the Estates General

- Reduced taxes on peasant farmers

What is the Edict of Nantes? Explain its importance

The Edict of Nantes was a document that settled the religious differences in France

- It stated that

- France was officially Catholic

- But Protestants had rights, such as the right to meet, hold services, and live peaceably

- People were allowed to have the "Freedom of Conscience" to practice religion as they wanted

- Protestants did have to pay additional taxes...

What is The Estates General and how did Henry exert power over it?

The Estates General was a representative body of France, made up of nobles, clergy, and lower classes that handled difficult problems but had a tough time reaching a conclusion

Henry exerted power by not allowing them to meet

Who helped rule France while Louis was still a baby king?

His regent, which was his mother and her advisor, Cardinal Mazarin

Who tried to prevent Louis from taking the throne?

The Nobility

How does Versailles show Louis' absolute power? How does he use Versailles to control the Nobles?

Versailles shows Louis' absolute power because Louis would "spy" on the nobility while they stayed at Versailles

He uses Versailles to control the Nobles by making them "win the favor of the king" and makes them live there at Versailles

How did Louis promote the culture of France?

He promoted culture through the extravagant dresses and wigs

What are Louis' religious views? How does he enforce these views?

Louis was a very devoted Catholic

He enforced these views by passing the Edict of Fontainebleau

What is the relationship between King Charles and Parliament?

Not a great relationship between King Charles and Parliament --> They continuously fought with one another

How did Charles try to rule as an absolute monarch? Was he any good?

Charles tried to rule as an absolute monarch by not allowing Parliament to meet

He is considered not a relatively good king

What events led to actual hostility between Parliament and Charles I?

- Parliament accused Charles' wife of treason because she was Catholic

- Charles went to arrest Parliament

- They escaped

- Charles declared war

Who is Oliver Cromwell?

Oliver Cromwell was a commander of the Parliament's military; Was a harsh and strict commander

Who was victorious in the civil war? Why?

Parliament was victorious because of the amount of effort in training and skill

What was Charles on trial for? Is this justified?

Charles was on trial for treason

It is not justified because he is being committed for a crime he did to himself (makes no sense)

Who created the "High Court of Justice" and made up the Jury?

Parliament

Does Charles believe the trial is fair? Why or Why not? (explain his reasoning)

Charles doesn't believe the trial was fair because of what he was charged for, Divine Right, and the jury being all Parliamentarians

What is the result of the Trial?

Charles was found guilty and was beheaded

Who took over as "Lord Protector" in England? Was this a good ruler?

Oliver Cromwell took over

He was not a good ruler

List the rulers who followed Charles I and summarize their rule

Parliament

- For about 6 months, Parliament ruled over England in the middle of chaos

Oliver Cromwell

- Very strict ruler → short-lived after 5 years

Charles II

- A loved king for his kindness and energy

- Didn't fight with Parliament

- Reigned for 15 years

James II

- Brother of Charles II

- Was Catholic and believed in Divine Right → Hated by Parliament

- Stepped down to William and Mary

William and Mary

- Young royal couple

- Brought in by Parliament to rule

- Had to sign the English Bill of Rights

Why did Parliament want to replace James II? Who did they choose and why?

Parliament wanted to replace James because he was a Catholic and believed in Divine Right

They chose William and Mary because they were a royal couple and Mary was James' daughter

What were William and Mary forced to sign before becoming Monarchs? Why?

They were forced to sign the English Bill of Rights in order have stability between the monarch and Parliament

What are some of the essential rules in the English Bill of Rights

Some essential rules include

- No changes to taxes without Parliament's consent

- Protestants are allowed to bear arms

- Having a Protestant Monarchy

Explain Ivan's early life and struggles

Ivan inherited the throne at just 3 years old (had regents until 17)

Bullied by the Boyars

What are some improvements Ivan brought to Russia?

- Centralized the government

- Brought the Printing Press and Gunpowder Weapons to Russia

How did Ivan control Russia as an absolute ruler?

He used Oprichina- a police force in order to execute Boyars who were unfaithful and untrustworthy

Is Ivan "the Terrible" a fitting name fitting? Why or why not

Yes because the name is used as a sense of strictness and cruelty

What is the purpose of Peter the Great's "Grand Embassy"?

The purpose of Peter's "Grand Embassy" was to make alliances in Europe (failed in that department)

What ideas and technology did Peter bring back to Russia with him?

Military

Education

Culture

How did Peter rule absolutely? What did he do as an absolute monarch?

He enforced a dress code along with cutting off all the beards in Russia

Is Peter "The Great" a fitting name? Why or why not?

I believe so because of his impact on Russian Westernization

What are the social classes in Japanese society? Summarize their roles

Emperor

- Least important

- Acted as a religious figure

Shogun

- Had real power

- Rose above all other Damiyos

- Politically influential and military brutal

Damiyo

- Rulers of local regions

- Offered protection to lower class and had a group of warriors

- Loyal to the emperor

Samurai

- Warrior class

- Dedicates their lives to the sword

- Protects the Daimyo in return for land and a place to live

- Lived with a strict code on how to live honorably

Lower class

- Includes farmers, artisans, and merchants

What is the "Warring States Period"?

A period of time where Damiyos who fight each other in order to get the title "Shogun"

Who were the first Europeans to enter Japan and what did they introduce?

Portuguese → Introduced Christianity and Guns

What was the result of the Battle of Sekigahara?

Tokugawa Ieyasu won and claimed the title "Shogun"

How long did the Tokugawa Shogunate reign over Japan?

265 years

Explain how the Tokugawa Shogunate operated as absolute rulers over Japan

Controlling Daimyo

- Used the Alternate Attendance Policy to keep an eye of the Damiyos

Religious Regulation

- Banned Christianity from Japan

- To test, they would have to step on religious (Christian) images

Closing Borders

- Used the Closed Country Policy to keep people (except Dutch) from coming in and out of Japan