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Molecular Diagnostics

Yields the fastest development and innovation in all diagnostic techniques.

Involves improvement of conventional techniques either accompanying them or completely replacing them all together.

DNA sequencing / Expression microarrays / Array CGH / Detection technology for specific diseases / Diagnostic platforms

Laboratory Medicine Discipline

Molecular Pathology / Infectious Diseases / Genetic Disorders / ID Testing & Forensics / Pharmaco Genomics / Oncology / Hemato Pathology

Molecular Oncology

Identification of the molecular chemistry and identification of cancer cells.

Development of targeted therapies

Tumor detection and identification

Tumor detection and identification

Diagnosis / Prognosis / Prediction for therapeutic purposes / Tumor and status monitoring

Tumor suppressor genes

P53

P53

Guardian angel of the genome / Conserves stability of the genome

Tumor suppressor genes

PTEN

PTEN

Phosphatase and tensin homolog / Regulation of the cell cycle

Cancer Genomics

Tumor cells

Helps in
Causes of cancer / Identifying activators / Design and develop different approaches in cancer therapy.

Tumor cells

Totality of the DNA sequence / Gene expression differences

PCR

Most used procedure in detection and identification of microorganisms / Sensitivity and specificity

Fields of application

Virology / Bacteriology / Parasitology / Mycology

Virology

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

PCR now allows the detection of HSV DNA from CSF with 95% sensitivity thus avoiding invasive brain biopsy.

Virology

Hepatitis (HCV) / HIV

Virology (Tests)

Viral load monitoring

Viral load monitoring

Cytomegalovirus / Epstein-Barr virus / Hepatitis B / Hepatitis C / HIV

Viral genotyping

HIV / Hepatitis B / Hepatitis C / Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Bacteriology

Many of these fastidious bacteria have public health implications

Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Chlamydia trachomatis / Neisseria gonorrheae / Bordetella pertussis

Bacteriology (Tests)

Bacterial resistance detection

Bacterial genotyping

Bacterial resistance detection

MRSA / VRE / ESBL containing E. coli / K. pneumoniae / M. tuberculosis

Bacterial genotyping

M. tuberculosis / N. meningitidis / EHEC

Parasitology

Most parasites are not cultured in routine laboratory settings

Toxoplasma gondii / Plasmodium spp.

Mycology

Most fungal samples are still being identified using micrscopy.

Pneumocystis jiroveci / Aspergillus spp.

Hematopathology

Molecular and cytogenetic analysis is a critical component of hematopathology practice.

Correct diagnostic classification, prognosis and therapeutic decisions are often predicated on the presence or absence of tumor-specific genetic abnormalities.

Chromosomal translocations / RNA or DNA mutation patterns

Application to disorders

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma / Myeloid malignancies / Disorders of hemoglobins / Erythrocytosis / Hemolysis