Endocrine glands and feedback loops

Endocrine glands and feedback loops

What are gonads? 

Reproductive organs that produce sex cells and secrete sex hormones. 

What are the female gonads called?

Ovaries.

What are the male gonads called?

Testes.

What are the functions of Estrogen?

Maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. 

What are the functions of Progesterone?

Breast development and control of the menstrual cycle.

What are the functions of Testosterone?

Maturation of reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and production of sperm.

What hormone does the Heart secrete and what does it do? 

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide; reduces blood volume and pressure.

What do the Stomach and Small Intestine secrete?

Several digestive hormones that regulate digestive processes. 

What endocrine function does the Placenta have?

Secretes steroid and protein hormones that influence pregnancy.

What hormone do the Kidneys secrete and what does it do?

Erythropoietin; signals bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. 

What does the Skin produce that has an endocrine function? 

Vitamin D; allows the digestive system to absorb Calcium from food. 

What does Fatty Tissue produce and what does it control?

Leptin; controls appetite.

How is hormone secretion primarily controlled?

By feedback mechanisms (feedback loops).

Describe the feedback loop for thyroxine (T4). 

Hypothalamus secretes TRH → Pituitary secretes TSH → Thyroid secretes Thyroxine. When thyroxine levels get too high, the hypothalamus and pituitary stop producing stimulating hormones.

All endocrine disorders are caused by what two things?

Either hyposecretion or hypersecretion of hormones.

What is Hyposecretion?

When not enough hormone is released.

What is Hypersecretion? 

When too much hormone is released.