agriculture

slash and burn agriculture

a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land

intensive agriculture

any agricultural system involving the application of large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of cultivated land; may be part of either subsistence or commercial economy

subsistence agriculture

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

soil salinization prevention

reduce irrigation and switch to salt-tolerant crops (such as barley, cotton, and sugar beet).

Maize

North America

Terrace agriculture location

East and Southeast Asia

feedlots/Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)

animals kept and raised in confined spaces

Feedlots impact

produce huge amounts of animal waste and other pollutants that can be harmful to the environment.

African Sahel

A semi-arid region in northern Africa undergoing severe drought and desertification

Transnational products

any products

If developing countries produce a lot of grain, what happens to the grain production/price if those countries experience drought?

Could experience more intense droughts

What kind of technology was part of the Green Revolution?

New variations of crops and new technology such as drip irrigation

What was the result of the Green Revolution?

the production of cereal crops tripled with only a 30% increase in the land area cultivated.

intensive farming

farming that requires a lot of labor to produce food

Extensive farming

farming practices that involve putting relatively little energy into the land for the calories extracted

What risk do farmers run by applying pesticides by hand?

May affect the nervous system

Where is Nomadic Pastoralism practiced?

Developing countries

Von Thunen Model

the relationship between the cost of land and the cost to transport the crop to market.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans

Metes and Bounds

A method of land description which involves identifying distances and directions and makes use of both the physical boundaries and measurements of the land.

township and range

rigid grid-like pattern used to facilitate the dispersal of settlers evenly across farmlands

long lots

A system of farming where lots up to a half mile or more extend back from a river, which farmers use as their primary means of hauling their agricultural products to the market.

2nd Agricultural Revolution

industrialized agriculture at the time of the Industrial revolution. There were many new innovations that caused mass farming to become possible.

Commodity chains

a linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, disperse them, and sell them on the market