Cell's component

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Last updated 2:31 PM on 5/27/26
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11 Terms

1
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What is the primary function of the Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)?
It acts as a semi-permeable barrier that encloses the cell, protecting its internal components and controlling exactly what enters and exits to maintain balance.
2
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What is the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
It describes the membrane as a flexible bilayer of phospholipids embedded with moving proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, giving it a fluid-like quality.
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What is the Cytoplasm and what is its role?
The jelly-like fluid (cytosol) filling the cell that houses the organelles and serves as the site for many chemical and metabolic reactions.
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Why is the Mitochondria called the "powerhouse" of the cell?
It is responsible for cellular respiration, converting nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency used by the cell.
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What is the main structural and functional difference between the Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and specializes in protein folding; Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and specializes in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
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What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
It acts as the shipping department, receiving proteins and lipids from the ER, modifying them, sorting them, and packaging them into vesicles for transport.
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What do Lysosomes do?
They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders (like bacteria), acting as the cell's recycling center.
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What is the role of the Nucleus?
It is the control center of the cell that houses the genetic material (DNA) and coordinates activities like growth, metabolism, and protein synthesis.
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What are Nuclear Pores?
Microscopic openings in the nuclear membrane that regulate the traffic of macromolecules (like RNA and proteins) moving between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
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What takes place inside the Nucleolus?
It is a dense region inside the nucleus specifically dedicated to the synthesis of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and the assembly of ribosome subunits.
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What are Ribosomes and where can they be found?
They are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER.